Connection diagram for machines in the apartment after the meter

The process of installing the machine on the meter or in the switchboard, as a rule, does not cause difficulties and takes a little time. The main thing is to correctly connect all the conductive cores, otherwise the device will fail quickly enough. So that there are no problems when connecting, it is recommended that you first familiarize yourself with the principle of operation and the connection diagram of the electrical device, as well as prepare all the necessary inventory.

Types of circuit breakers

There are 3 types of circuit breakers for the electrical network. They are capable of working with loads of different sizes, and differ from each other in their design features.

• Air electric machines. These electrical devices can be equipped with 3-4 poles and withstand a total current strength of up to 6.3 kA. Installed in electrical circuits with high power installations.
• Cast switches designed to operate in industrial networks with a current strength of up to 1 kA. Manufactured in a cast case, which is why they got this name.
• Modular AV devices are used in household networks where currents of small values ​​flow. As a rule, they have 1-2 poles and a width that is a multiple of 1.75 cm.

There is another type of circuit breakers called differential circuit breakers. Their difference from analogs is that the device is additionally equipped with an RCD.

Releases are an integral part of the circuit breakers. They are necessary in order to break this circuit when the permissible values ​​\ u200b \ u200bof the parameters of the electrical network are exceeded, stopping the supply of electricity. There are two types of releasers - thermal and electromagnetic. In the first case, the machines are triggered almost instantly, while the latter will take a little time.

How the safety switches work

As a rule, the machines are turned off manually (remotely or by means of a drive), and in case of violation of the operating rules - automatically. A violation of the operating mode means a decrease or increase in voltage to critical levels, the formation of overcurrents. Each circuit breaker is equipped with overvoltage releases, and some undervoltage releases.

Depending on the functionality, the circuit breakers are divided into reverse power, undervoltage and overcurrent circuit breakers.

Automatic circuit breakers are necessary for automatic opening of the electrical circuit when overloads of the established limits, as well as short-circuit currents, are formed in it. They replace the fuse and switch, which provide selective protection in the event of abnormal or emergency situations.

If the working environment differs from normal, for example, high air humidity, electrical structures must additionally be placed in special cabinets or boxes of chemical-resistant or dust-moisture-proof design.

How to connect a vending machine

In the initial position, there is a switchboard into which all electrical products and wires will be installed - incoming and outgoing from the consumer.

Electrical installers have developed a general algorithm for connecting a two-pole circuit breaker on the distribution board:

1. The electricity supply to the apartment or house is turned off. You can make sure that there is no voltage using special equipment - a multimeter or using an indicator screwdriver.
2. The circuit breaker is mounted on a special mounting rail and is securely fixed with latches. You don't need to use a DIN rail during installation, but this complicates the process.
3. The conductors of incoming and outgoing conductive cables are stripped approximately 8-10 mm.
4. An input zero and a phase are inserted into the two upper clamps.
5. Outgoing zero and phase are put into the two lower holes, respectively.
6. After connecting, you need to carefully check the reliability of fixation. For this, the guide is carefully taken and moved in different directions. If the conductor does not slip out of the hole, the connection is secure. If it did jump out, you need to tighten the screw more.
7. At the end of all electrical work, voltage is applied to the network and the operability of the electrical structure is checked.

If you strictly follow the step-by-step installation algorithm, there should be no difficulties.

Connection diagram for machines in the apartment after the meter

The circuit breaker must be connected to the meter immediately after it. The phase wire that comes out of the meter is connected to the circuit breaker. The zero wire does not need to be inserted into the machine; it is switched with a special block in the switchboard, which is conventionally called the zero wire. A circuit breaker serves as the same electrical protective device as a switching device.

Connecting the machine to the panel

The circuit for connecting the machine to the switchboard may seem complicated. The circuit breakers in the panel must be connected to a special cut that goes to all phase loads. Also, all outgoing machines, which are installed in parallel in the circuit, are switched from the input machine in this panel. The phase wire of the input machine is connected to the upper contacts (holes).

In this case, it is important to adhere to the selectivity rule, according to which more than one protection system is used in the switchboard, it follows that the upstream circuit breaker should be larger in terms of the rated breaking current, in contrast to the downstream one. The zero lead-in wire must be switched without any breaks to a special block with which the switchboard is equipped. It is called block 0. Outgoing cables and neutral conductors are connected to it to the loads.

Quite often the cable is equipped with a triple ground conductor. In this case, a special additional earth block is provided. It is required to bring all earth conductors to it, which extend from cables and outgoing wires.

Consequences of incorrect connection

If the machine is connected incorrectly, this can cause a quick failure of the device and a short circuit, leading to a fire. To eliminate the likelihood of unpleasant consequences, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the most common mistakes when connecting the machine:

• The supply wire starts from the bottom. According to the rules of the PUE, this installation option is not prohibited, but electricians, for the sake of safety and high-quality work, recommend making a fixed contact from above.
• The pins are too tight with the fixing screw. This must not be allowed, otherwise the integrity of the insulating layer and the conductive core of the cable may be damaged, as well as the case itself may be deformed.
• Incorrectly connected conductors. When connecting, it is important to observe strict compliance: the phase is connected under the phase, and zero is under zero (provided that a two-pole switch is used).
  
• In order to save money, some electricians install two single-pole circuit breakers at the same time instead of one two-pole one. This is prohibited because phase and zero must be disconnected at the same time.
• When fixing the cores, it is not the bare contacts that fall into the seat, but the insulating material. Before connecting, the wire must be stripped as much as required by the accompanying model documentation. If you press down on the insulation with a screw, the contact will weaken, the core heats up. In the future, this may cause damage to the device and fire.
• Wrong choice of automatic device. It is possible that it will be designed for less power than it actually is.

When calculating the circuit breaker, the values ​​obtained are always rounded up.

Automatic switches are an indispensable thing in a modern apartment and house, which are equipped with a large number of expensive household appliances and electrical appliances. It is recommended to purchase them in large chain stores or from official representatives of trusted and well-proven manufacturers. When purchasing, it is important to ensure that you have all the required accompanying documentation.