For space heating, various devices are used with the ability to automatically control their main operating parameters. To implement this function, a temperature-controlled thermostat is used.
General description of the device
The temperature relay or thermostat is the main part that controls the functioning of household heating appliances. It is also included in the design of water heaters and fans, climate technology.
A thermostat (thermostat) is a control unit for a heating or cooling system that performs specific tasks:
- Saving resources. A boiler or similar appliance with a thermostat uses less electricity or gas. The relay turns off the device as soon as the room temperature has reached the desired value.
- Increased comfort. If there is a temperature control relay, it is not necessary to monitor the boiler operation.
- Security. The on / off thermal relay notifies the user of overheating of the equipment.
The main task of the thermostat is called the control of the temperature indicators of the coolant. The user independently sets the required characteristics, after which the device maintains them at an optimal level.
Operating principle
The principle of operation of the simplest thermostat is that the controller built into the device compares the received data with the settings specified by the user. Subsequently, he increases the power of the device or, conversely, decreases it.
Varieties of devices
There are thermostats on the market with different appearance, design features and characteristics. Depending on the installation method, such devices are stationary and socket (portable). The first type of thermal relay is installed directly into the wall. The portable options have the ability to quickly connect, which attracts many users.
At the location of the sensors, there are:
- thermal relay with a remote temperature sensor;
- units with built-in sensor.
In the first case, the sensor is placed at the end of the cable extending from the temperature switch. Its length can be different - from 10-20 cm to several meters.
When a remote-type sensor is present in the thermostat circuit, you can count on a more accurate adjustment of the climatic parameters of the room.
The advantage of the device is that their sensitive elements are allowed to be installed on the street, in the cellar and in various utility rooms. During the work of such controllers, errors are practically excluded. The only drawback of a relay with a remote sensor is the appearance of failures in the event of a loss of electricity.
Mechanical options
Such temperature sensors and relays are considered the most affordable and easy to use. They work due to the presence of a bimetallic plate in the structural scheme. Switching off and setting the operating parameters of the device is carried out using a lever and a swivel wheel.
The disadvantage of mechanical models is the complexity of their installation. They are installed in a recess in the wall and are directly connected to the network.
Electronic models
Electronic thermal relays and sensors are also popular. They more accurately measure the climatic parameters of the room due to the presence in the structure of semiconductor parts operating from a current of 24 V. Such devices can be connected directly to the electrical network or batteries are used.
The electronic thermostat is equipped with a monitor. This makes it easier to configure the device, notifies the user about the results of the last measurement of climatic parameters.
Adjustable temperature relays also additionally have a calendar, clock, there is an opportunity to program them (operating modes day-night, weekdays-weekends).
Application area
A 12 volt thermal relay is often part of the design diagram of heating systems. The user needs to control the temperature in the boiler and circuits taking into account the climatic parameters of the room. Also, the device allows you to adjust the volume of water in the system. In the presence of a temperature relay, it is possible to timely identify any malfunctions in the operation of the boiler.
The design of household heaters may also include thermostats that are switched on through an outlet. Such devices are easy to use and connect, versatile and highly efficient. Such thermostats are compatible with electric kettles, heating devices, lighting equipment.
Thermal relay for underfloor heating
There are special controllers designed to adjust the operation of the "warm floor" system. They are connected to several parts - sensors, heating elements and the mains. After switching on, the thermal relay receives information about the temperature indicators of the system, after which it compares them with the settings specified by the user.
If necessary, the controller turns on or off the heating elements, doing it cyclically. Therefore, underfloor heating provides a stable air temperature in the room without any difficulties.
For infrared heaters
Supervisors help the user to save energy. The system can be configured in such a way that the device will turn on at a certain moment to maintain the air temperature in the specified range.
For saunas and baths
It is recommended to use controllers capable of operating at temperatures from + 50 ° C. With their help, the functioning of the sauna or bath will take place autonomously, taking into account the parameters set by the user.
Instructions for creating a device
To make a thermostat with your own hands, you need to adhere to the following scheme:
- Preparatory work. All the necessary elements are placed on the board and soldered. For this, it is forbidden to use acid, which can lead to damage to small parts. Experts recommend using rosin.
- Etching tracks. Carry out taking into account the device diagram.
- Checking the controller's performance. A tester is used to perform this operation.
- Checking the performance of semiconductors. Measure the polarity of triodes, diodes and other elements.
After completing the assembly of the temperature sensor, do it yourself, connect it to the system. Thyristors are selected empirically, this will allow a more precise adjustment of the device's functioning.
