Classification of LED lamps - selection criteria for the home

LED lamps are at the peak of popularity, rapidly displacing fluorescent, halogen and spiral counterparts from the interior. Mass production and improved technology have led to a significant reduction in the price of products. Various types of LED lamps have become available and popular due to numerous positive technical characteristics. The products create a powerful luminous flux, which is characterized by a natural spectrum and no flicker. Bulbs have a long service life, they are not afraid of moisture and temperature extremes. They are used not only for indoor, but also for outdoor lighting in the private sector and public places.

Classification of LED lamps

LED luminaires fall into two broad categories: lighting and indication (backlighting). Lamps are used to illuminate rooms and territories, highlighting objects from the darkness to which you need to draw attention. Spot LEDs are used to make panels, sensors and displays.

Further, the products are classified according to the scope:

• Personal goals. Creation of comfortable conditions in living and auxiliary rooms, offices, salons and offices.
• Personal lighting. Table lamps, sconces, floor lamps, lanterns, portable lamps.
• Spotlights to highlight the territory, single and group objects.
• Agriculture. Special types of LED lamps stimulate photosynthesis.
• Trade. Manufacturing of signboards and showcases.
• Headlights for vehicles - cars, motorcycles, aircraft,
• Lighting of rooms where explosives are stored.

All types of products are environmentally friendly. If damaged, they do not emit harmful substances into the environment.

Base types

Lamps of various sizes, brightness, wattage and configuration are used depending on the conditions of use and the tasks to be performed. To adapt new types of LED luminaires to the standards of previously developed devices (chandeliers, sconces, point reflectors), manufacturers used the corresponding types of base. Thanks to this, you can easily select the right product for replacing a burnt-out element or carrying out its modernization.

There are such types of socles for attaching sources to holders of devices for various purposes:

• E14. It is used to equip small chandeliers in the kitchen, sconces and floor lamps, designed for a voltage of 220 V. Power is 3-4 watts with minimal dimensions. The thread is 14 mm.
• E27. They are used to complete devices that are intended for equipping residential and office premises, street lamps in pedestrian areas. The outer diameter of the thread is 27 mm.
• E40. Such fasteners are used to attach large bulbs used in spotlights and soffits. The outer diameter of the thread is 40 mm, with a power of up to 100 W.
• GU10. The mount consists of plugs, the distance between which is 10 mm. Lamps are designed to replace halogen counterparts. They work from a household network, consuming up to 10 watts.
• GU5.3. Miniature sources that are embedded in suspended and suspended ceilings as main or auxiliary lighting. Luminaires consume up to 0.5 watts.
• G13. Manufactured to replace the popular T8 tubular products. With different lengths and diameters, they consume 2-6 watts. The plug is rotatable with an internal distance of 13 mm.

By using different types of LED luminaires, you can create business, decorative and office lighting styles of the selected color and intensity.

A variety of LEDs used for lighting

Products have a complex structure that affects their cost. Light sources consist of the following elements:

• plastic cap designed for radiation scattering;
• an electronic board that is responsible for managing the parameters of the components;
• crystals that, depending on their shape and size, create a different glow;
• aluminum radiator to remove the generated heat;
• ventilation holes for cooling;
• base for connection to the socket.

In devices of various types, the following types of bulbs can be used:

• SMD. They are miniature crystals that are soldered on a pre-prepared board. Used to create indicators, panels and ribbons. The base can be hard and flexible within the size of the crystals. The most popular models in this line are the 5630 and 5730, which measure 3x5 mm and are designed for continuous operation for 10 years.
• COB. They are complex devices with their own control chip and a cooling radiator. Large crystals with high radiation intensity are used in the manufacture. Used in the production of Jupiters and searchlights.
• Filament. They are analogous to incandescent lamps, where glass threads with conductors are installed instead of a spiral.

To achieve the desired type of illumination, the diodes are equipped with housings, reflectors and reflectors of a certain shape.

Light flow

The emission of LED sources differs according to several criteria, depending on their design and other parameters. Luminescence is measured in lumens and watts. In this case, such a concept as power is measured in units of consumed energy, and lumens - in the volume of emitted photons. In addition, the brightness and efficiency of devices is measured in the number of lumens per watt.

Product quality is determined by the following indicators:

• low - 60-80 lm / W;
• average - 100-125 lm / W;
• high - 130-190 lm / W.

The best European and American manufacturers have a ratio of 250 lm / W.

The next criterion is the color temperature level, which determines the tint of the created color. It can range from dazzling white to bluish.

The classification of sources by color temperature level is as follows:

1. Warm white - candle, sunrise, sunset. Range - 1800-3900 K.
2. Neutral - moon, day. Range - 4000-5400 K.
3. Cold white - cloudy day, white night. Range - 5500-6900 K.

The efficiency of LED sources is much higher than that of all available analogs. To determine the power of the luminous flux, the equivalent of its correspondence to a conventional incandescent lamp is taken. Depending on the quality and color temperature level of the product, the ratio is 1: 6-10.

Differences in body design

The simplicity and reliability of the design of LED conductors allows them to be given a wide variety of shapes and sizes, including those from existing analogues.

The following models of lamps are on sale:

• A55 - standard pear-shaped with E27 base;
• C35 - conical flat, angular or twisted with E14 base;
• G45 - spherical with E27 base;
• R39, R50 and R63 - reflex directional action with all types of caps.

The shape of the body is matched to shades, caps and reflectors. Decorative flasks can be used without diffusers.

Criterias of choice

When choosing a product, you need to pay attention to the markings applied to it, and for this you need to know what it means.

Example: E27-C-3900.

Decoding:

• E27 - spiral base 27 mm;
• C - conical body (candle);
• 3900 is a neutral color.

You should pay attention to such features as product life and manufacturer's warranty.It depends on how long the product will last and the ability to exchange it.

When choosing a ceiling lamp, you should focus on the following criteria:

1. Color. For home, it is better to choose a range of 3500-4800 K. Dim and overly bright sources can cause visual impairment.
2. Power. 12 volt home diode lamps illuminate a small area. To create comfortable conditions in the room, you need 1 lamp for every 2 m².
3. Ripple level. The lower it is, the less stress on the eyes.

Buying cheap products should be avoided. It is likely that this is unlicensed smuggling. It will shine badly, and will not last long.

For the first time, the ability of diodes to glow, emitting photons under the influence of current, was discovered in 1907 in England. In Russia, a patent for this invention was issued in 1927. Industrial production of products began in 1951 in the United States. LEDs were widely used at the beginning of the 21st century with the development of computer technologies and their introduction in all areas of industry.