Extending the service life of the drainage system in the country
High-quality operation of a land plot implies a complete drainage of ground and rainwater from it. In this case, moisture will not have a destructive effect on buildings and relief. In draining the land, special drainage systems are used for the suburban area. They differ in the type and method of installation.
In the absence of a drainage system, flooding of the site may occur
Competent drainage of the site is necessary in such cases:
clay and loamy soils on land allocated for ownership;
high groundwater level;
high annual precipitation in the region;
the sloping relief of the allotment or its location at the lowest point of the village.
You can determine the problematic nature of the soil by eye immediately after a prolonged downpour or melting snow. If the water stays on the surface for a long time, forms swampiness, it means that the drainage system at the summer cottage is necessary without fail.
Properly designed and installed drainage will ensure good growth of fruit / vegetable crops in the garden and in the vegetable garden.
Types and arrangement of drainage systems
Open and closed storm sewer
Drainages for soil in the country are classified according to the type of their device:
Open system (superficial). The easiest drainage option. Convenient for installation on flat areas. Structurally, it is prepared and specially located along the perimeter of the groove-trench. Excess moisture accumulates in them, which later simply evaporate or flow into a special receiver. This water can be used for irrigation. An open drain resembles a standard storm drain.
Deep system (closed). Drainage pipes are located at a slope in the soil column. Such communication is ideal for embossed, sloping, boggy or clayey areas. Special perforated pipes are used as the main elements of the drainage system.
It is advisable to install a closed drainage at the stage of building the foundation of a country house, or at least before planting vegetables.
Preparatory work
Drainage system diagram
The entire drainage system from the ground is a whole communication from series-connected trenches. Before laying drainage pipes in the country with your own hands, it is advisable to prepare project documentation, at least in the form of a drawing, thanks to which it will subsequently be possible to navigate when servicing the system. The most important points must be indicated in the project documentation:
linearity and location of drains;
the depth of the system;
the direction of the outflow of water;
points of location of revision wells (for a closed system);
drainage slope level;
end point of water collection.
In addition to documentation, it is necessary to prepare pipes / wells (for deep drainage) and working tools. Drains for a summer cottage can be taken with a cross section of 60 to 110 mm, depending on the expected volume of drained water. You should also prepare couplings, sand and crushed stone.
Methods for installing a drainage system at a summer cottage
Deep drainage system
The most time-consuming method of drainage is deep. Work is performed in the following sequence:
According to the project, trenches are being prepared for laying pipes.Their bottom should be flat, the depth is 20 cm below the groundwater level.On average, they deepen on loams to 90 cm, on clay soil - up to 60-70 cm.At the same time, a slope should be observed at the rate of 5-7 mm for each meter of the length of the system so that the water flows out by gravity.
The bottom of the trench is covered with a sandy pillow 10-12 cm thick. The layer is well tamped.
Geofabric is laid on top of the sand cushion so that its edges rise upward by 30-40 cm.
A layer of fine gravel is poured onto the filter pad and pipes are laid. All sleeves are connected in series with couplings and adapters when turning / branching.
The pipes are covered with crushed stone and wrapped in geotextiles.
Trenches can now be buried, but not tamped down. She will sit down herself over time.
To avoid painstaking work, it is better to buy ready-made drainage pipes in a geotextile filter. Such a fabric allows water to enter the system, but prevents soil and sand from entering it. As a result, communication is not threatened by blockages and silting.
Open drainage system
This type of drainage is built on the principle of a closed one, however, trenches are not dug deep - 40-50 cm is enough. They are located on the surface of the site and are constantly open for inspection. Standard plastic bottles, cut lengthwise and devoid of a neck / bottom, can be used as waste channels. Thus, they are a kind of trays for collecting and draining rainwater. It is enough just to connect them together with scotch tape.
The process of work on the device of open drainage looks like this:
Prepare trenches for laying trays. They are made with sloping walls for free water flow and always with a slope of about 5 mm for each meter of the length of the communication. It is advisable to strengthen the walls of the trenches with slate or other available material.
The bottom is covered with a sand pillow.
Trays prepared from pipes are laid on it. You can simply cover the bottom of the ditches with broken bricks or large pebbles.
Such a system is simple in the device, but spoils the appearance of the site.
Operation and maintenance of drainage in the country
Storm sewer flushing
In order for the drainage in the country to work properly, it is important to properly care for it. It is worth regularly (once every 5-7 years) to perform special cleaning in two possible ways:
Flushing. It is carried out under high pressure. To do this, the end of the drainage pipe is brought out with the help of the sleeves refill. On the one hand, water is fed into the system under pressure. On the other hand, it is poured out along with garbage and silt.
Cleaning. It is carried out more often (once every 4-5 years). A special pneumatic tool with a cleaning element is used. A special nozzle effectively removes plaque from the inner surface of drainage pipes.
The open drainage system is periodically checked and, if necessary, the condition of the sewage trenches is restored.
To extend the service life of the deep system, it is advisable to use a special geotextile when constructing it. It is the key to complete filtration of ground water. Regular revisions of the drainage, cleaning and flushing it will allow you to eliminate any shortcomings in the work of communication in time.
Timely and properly designed drainage system prevents soil subsidence on the site, protects the house from the negative effects of mold. Before designing the system, it is advisable to consult with a hydraulic engineer.
