The sewerage system of a country house is one of the most important communications necessary for a comfortable stay. It is installed primarily together with electricity and plumbing. In order for the communication to work properly, it is important, even at the design stage, to correctly choose the diameter of the pipes for the sewage system in a private house.
Types of pipes for sewage
For laying the pipeline, tubes are made from the following materials:
- cast iron;
- polymers;
- asbestos cement;
- concrete.
For sewage in a private house, it is better to use plastic pipes (PET, PVC or HDPE).
Cast iron
The use of metal when laying a sewer pipeline is gradually giving way to polymers. However, in some cases, cast iron is still preferable, for example, in areas with high dynamic / static load.
The production of pipes from cast iron involves a centrifugal casting process. As a result, the thickness of the product is uniform along its entire length. To prevent corrosion of cast iron, pipes are covered with a layer of bitumen from the inside.
The main advantages of metal as a material for a sewer collector:
- strength and durability even with regular dynamic loads;
- durability - service from 50 years or more;
- inertness to aggressive media and temperature extremes;
- sound insulation thanks to the internal bituminous coating;
- environmental friendliness.
The disadvantages of cast iron pipes include the high cost, the complexity of installation due to the weight of the products, and the silting up of the pipeline over time. Even a layer of bitumen does not completely smooth out the roughness of the inner pipe walls.
Polymer
The market includes pipes made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), HDPE (low pressure polyethylene), PET (polyethylene). The main positive characteristics of polymer products are:
- favorable cost;
- light weight, which means ease of use;
- wide range of cross-sections;
- ideally smooth inner surface, which ensures good sliding of sewage along the collector towards the receiver;
- resistance to temperature changes and aggressive drains.
Polymer pipes are distinguished by color. Gray and white are intended for the construction of the inside of the sewer. Orange and brown are used for outdoor piping. Corrugated pipes are in great demand. Their rings act as stiffeners when deepening products into the ground.
Asbestos cement
This material is a lightweight version of concrete products. Asbestos acts as a reinforcing agent. From this, the pipes become many times lighter, and their inner surface is smoother. Pipes made of asbestos cement serve for up to half a century. At the same time, you should be careful when working with them. A point mechanical effect of high force can lead to a violation of the tightness of the element.
The main advantages of asbestos cement products are acceptable weight, strength and favorable cost. Sometimes the price for such pipes is lower than polymer materials.
Asbestos-cement tubes are used only for external sewerage.
Concrete
Concrete products are used more for laying central highways for a large volume of drains. In private construction, such products are rare, if only the sewage system will serve several cottages at the same time, including swimming pools and saunas on their territory.
Concrete pipes perfectly withstand the effects of aggressive environments, temperature drops and increased static / dynamic loads. The disadvantage of the products is their weight and the complexity of the process when laying. Tubes made of concrete are mounted using a bell-shaped method using seals or by a capping method.
Criteria for choosing pipes for sewage in a private house
When choosing sewer pipes, you should be guided by the following criteria:
- Type of work carried out. If the collector is laid inside, you need to take gray or white polymer pipes. Orange / brown polymers or cast iron are suitable for outdoor sewerage.
- The volume of drains is taken into account when laying an external sewage system. The larger it is, the larger the collector cross-section should be. For street sewerage of a private house, the minimum diameter is 110-160 mm.
- The type of static and dynamic load on the section with an external pipeline. For high cross-country ability, you need to take corrugated polymer products or cast iron. In a standard yard with low traffic, ordinary plastic brown elements can be used.
- Operational characteristics. Here, attention is paid to the service life of products, limit values of temperature effects, resistance to chemical environments, tensile and fracture strength.
- Weight and the ability to independently cope with the installation of the collector. Otherwise, you will have to invite outside help or hire special equipment.
- Skills in working with this or that material (if any).
- Product price. Each master pre-calculates the budget for the construction of an autonomous sewage system and purchases materials based on the available funds.
When purchasing consumables for laying a pipeline, purchase products with a 10% margin for unforeseen situations. When placing an order, carefully check the evenness and tightness of the products.
The choice of the diameter of the sewer pipeline
- washing machine and dishwasher - 25 mm;
- bidet and washbasin in the bathroom - 40 mm;
- plumbing household equipment - 50 mm;
- outlet from the toilet bowl - 110 mm;
- riser - 110 mm;
- fan pipe - 90 or 110 mm (it is impractical to take a larger size);
- external sewerage - 160-260 mm and more.
All cast iron pipes have cross sections from 5 to 15 cm. Polymer products for sewage are sold in diameters of 25, 40, 50, 90, 110, 160 and 200 mm.
Having decided on the type and size of sewer pipes, it is important to remember that their performance depends entirely on observing the level of the collector's slope. According to SNiP, the inner part is tilted towards the riser at the rate of 1.5-2 cm for each running meter. The outer part of the system has a slope from 5 mm to 2-3 cm, depending on the section of the pipe. The larger it is, the smaller the slope can be.
You should not be too zealous with inclined planes. An excessively rapid outflow of sewage towards the septic tank can provoke a blockage in the collector, and further freezing of drains, provided that the sewage system is not deepened sufficiently into the ground.
Before purchasing the necessary material, it is imperative to draw up a sewage project in the form of a drawing. According to him, along with pipes, adapters, plugs, fittings and couplings are purchased. Without them, the installation of the system will not be complete.
