Floor drain - plumbing equipment that is installed in the floor to ensure the discharge of dirty water into the sewage system. Thanks to the use of this device in the domestic sphere, complete isolation of the sewage system is ensured, and it also becomes possible to implement various design solutions for the device of the shower stall.
Definition and purpose of the sewer drain
- remove waste water quickly and efficiently;
- filter contaminated liquid from large debris;
- connect plumbing equipment with a liquid drainage system;
- prevent the ingress of unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room
Until recently, drainage was represented by products with a hydraulic seal - a curved tube filled with liquid. Unpleasant odors cannot penetrate such an obstacle. The disadvantage of these devices is that the water periodically dries up (due to rare use, the presence of warm floors), and air from the sewage system can freely enter the room. Sewer drains with a water seal require a lot of installation space and must be regularly spilled with water.
In addition to water traps, ladders equipped with a dry seal are becoming popular. Such elements do not allow unpleasant odors to escape from the sewerage system and do not require frequent maintenance.
Requirements for sewer drains are specified in GOST 1811-97. This standard applies to cast iron and plastic products installed in premises for various purposes.
Application area
Sewer drains have a wide range of applications. They are used in the medical, food and chemical industries. The devices are installed in livestock facilities.
Sewer drains are used to create a drainage system for apartments and houses. Installed in heated buildings and structures without a heat supply system. Drainage devices are installed in sanitary facilities of educational institutions and catering establishments.
Types and arrangement of sewer drains
Drainage devices are distinguished depending on the material of manufacture and the characteristics of the installation. Most popular products:
- Plastic drains are used even in sanitary facilities. They have a long service life and are not exposed to aggressive environments. Due to their low weight, plastic closures are easy to install. In addition, the devices can be decorated with grilles - removable or non-removable.
- Cast iron is more often placed in large industrial buildings. The devices are suitable for toilets, swimming pools and laboratory rooms. The advantages include durability and high throughput. The large weight of these ladders makes installation difficult.
- Steel products are better than others for medical and research institutions, as they meet the high requirements of sanitary standards. Stainless steel drains are easier to install and easier to clean.
By the type of installation, the valves are divided into the following types:
- Vertical. They are characterized by a large throughput and are used for supplying the sewage system.
- Horizontal. It is convenient to use in apartments and private houses. The drain is connected to the pipes by means of a lateral supply.
Sewer drains are distinguished by the shape of the upper grate, which can be square, angular, rectangular and round. Devices for shower cabins are adjustable. These systems allow the length of the drain to be changed to match the thickness of the floor covering.
Sewer drain device:
- Receiving funnel - the outer casing of the device, which drains water and ensures its draining. Due to the presence of the flange, the fastening of the waterproofing membrane of the floor is hermetically sealed.
- Siphon with removable grill, which is built into the body. The element protects the sewer system from the ingress of large debris. The siphon's odor trap prevents gases from the wastewater system from entering the shower room. Some models have a mechanical or dry shutter.
- At the bottom of the body there is a branch with a coupling. Thanks to him, the device is connected to the sewer pipe.
The ladder has clamping and sealing elements. The tightness of the device is of great importance for the functioning of the drain system. Before buying a product, it is worth assembling it and checking the tightness of the various components.
Selection recommendations
When choosing a dry sewer drain, it is recommended to pay attention to the following points:
- Decide on the number of risers. For a private house or apartment, you should choose a shutter with a nominal bore (DN) of 50 mm.
- A product with a horizontal outlet can be installed in a confined space. Its height varies in the range of 6-10 cm. Models with a vertical outlet require 15-18 cm. Before installation, it is worth making measurements and finding out which valve is suitable for a shower in a particular case.
- Before purchasing a sewer drain, it is recommended to check the health of all its components and the functionality of the device (pouring water out of the bottle).
- Refine the size of the product based on the volume of waste For a shower cabin, it is enough to purchase a drain with medium parameters and good throughput.
After clarifying the technical characteristics of the drain, you can pay attention to its appearance.
Installation features
The gratings are brought out to the level of the floor covering. Grouting is performed with a moisture-resistant material. The outlet pipes are installed with a slope of 0.1% in relation to the length. The screed is removed when installing the drain funnels. It is equally important to seal every joint and all joints, to perform heat and waterproofing.
Features of installing a drain in the shower room:
- The thermal barrier is placed in a circle of plumbing ladders.
- When creating stretch marks, the slope of the pipes is constantly monitored. After completion of the work, the raw concrete is leveled and tiles are laid on it.
- In order for the water flows to be directed to the drain, it is necessary to make the slope of the floor covering in the desired direction by at least 150 mm.
- From below, polystyrene foam is laid with a thickness of 40 to 50 mm. Insulation reduces noise and prevents heat loss.
- A rough screed is being performed, for which you will need to pour another 4 cm of concrete mortar. A waterproofing membrane is laid on it, and then a screed forming a slope and ceramic tiles.
- Wall cladding is carried out only after laying, which allows you to achieve an optimal level of waterproofing.
When choosing a drain device, you should pay attention to the durability of the material from which it is made, and also take into account the peculiarities of its use in the future.
