The crosses are used for the convenience of the sewerage system wiring. They are needed to install several taps from the main sewer risers that carry domestic wastewater inside residential and industrial buildings.
The purpose of the cross and the material of manufacture
The crosspiece is an irreplaceable element in the sewer pipeline, it serves to connect additional communication branches. Plumbing products are made of durable material. They have a smooth inner surface, which helps to reduce the risk of blockages in the sewer line.
Modern fittings are made from polypropylene and PVC. Polypropylene products are wear-resistant, do not emit unnecessary noise, work perfectly at temperatures up to 95 degrees. They are also immune to a variety of chemicals, and do not need additional coating or painting before use. A high-quality crosspiece is quite elastic, which means that its use contributes to the uninterrupted operation of the sewer system for half a century.
PVC parts are slightly less durable and wear resistant. But they are cheaper.
Cast-iron crosses for the distribution of sewer pipes did not go out of use either. Due to their strength, CHK are used in industry, in mining, chemical plants and other types of industries.
Cast iron products, in comparison with plastic counterparts, weigh more and are more difficult to install. However, for industrial networks, their durability is becoming a key indicator.
Types and sizes of devices
The crosses are types of sewer fittings. They are also called fan splitters. According to the configuration in space, the devices are divided into three types:
- Single-plane fittings are needed to connect auxiliary branches to the main pipeline in the same plane.
- Two-plane splitters are used to install branches in two planes - from the main highways to plumbing fixtures.
- The three-plane type of sewer crosses is used in the arrangement of plumbing rooms with a non-standard layout. The fitting allows you to connect several pipelines into a single complex at once.
A two or three-plane sewer device with five outlets is called a five-piece.
Fan splitters are also divided into straight and oblique. The first option is used to connect sewer pipes to each other, which are in perpendicular planes relative to each other. In the second case, the angles of the branch can have different values - 90 and 135 degrees.
The devices also differ in size, which is indicated in the marking. Simple type crosses are marked three-digit 110x110x110. This informs that all outputs have a cross section of 110 millimeters. Such a part can be suitable for installation with a recumbent system. A part with a larger or smaller section can only be connected using a special insert.
Marking type 110x110x50 45 suggests that one branch of the pipeline from the riser has a cross-section of 110 millimeters, and the second 50. The fourth figure implies that a pipe of a smaller diameter is retracted at an angle of 45 degrees. This type of splitter has its advantages when distributing to a toilet and an additional branch to other points, for example, to a washbasin.
Selection recommendations
When purchasing fan splitters, check the device for cracks, chips and other defects. Also inspect the rubber seals. They must not be jammed, otherwise, after installation, the connection will "siphon".
To connect sections of the horizontal direction in the sewer when assembling joints under the ceiling, the use of straight crosses will be the best option.
Two baths, located on both sides of the riser, are connected to the sewer line only using an oblique device. The installation of such branching units should not be carried out in a horizontal direction. This is explained by the fact that with a salvo discharge of one or several branches, the breakdown of hydraulic gates is likely.
If you are not sure how many plumbing fixtures you will connect in the new bathroom, it is rational to mount the five. Unnecessary leads are simply closed with plugs. They are subsequently removed when the bidet or shower stall is brought in.
Installation rules
Before proceeding with the installation work in an apartment building, you will need to notify the neighbors so that they temporarily do not use plumbing fixtures. Then it is necessary to shut off the water supply and free the workplace from foreign objects.
If you are planning to replace an old splitter, the first step is to dismantle the worn out part. Even dilapidated cast-iron splitters are strong enough to break them with a hammer, you need to make a lot of effort. It is necessary to emboss the joints and loosen the fitting at the joints. When performing such work, care is required to avoid damage to entire elements.
Before assembly, it is better to process the joints with silicone sanitary sealant. This will contribute to an easy and reliable connection, prevent possible leaks and the appearance of fungus.
The installation of crosses can be carried out in a vertical plane on the main sewer branches and in a horizontal plane - in additional branches.
In the first case, the installation is carried out as follows:
- A drain pipe is mounted on which the crosspiece will be planted.
- The rubber seal is coated with sanitary silicone.
- The splitter is placed so that the taps are located in the same plane with the load-bearing wall.
- The structure is temporarily fixed to the wall so that 50–70 mm is left to the cross for the convenience of subsequent installation of pipes.
- The bend is mounted in the vertical direction.
- The installation of horizontal bends is carried out according to the general technology, taking into account the inclination of the pipe sections towards the splitter at an angle of 3-5 degrees.
After installing all the bends, the cross is rigidly fixed to the load-bearing wall.
In the horizontal direction, the structure is mounted taking into account the inclination of the outlet pipe at an angle of 3-5 degrees to the horizontal plane. Installation is carried out in five stages:
- Installation and fixing of the branch pipe.
- Plumbing silicone treatment of the joints.
- Installation of the splitter with observance of the slope.
- Alternate installation of the direct inlet pipe, taking into account the angle of inclination and side nozzles.
- Fixing the resulting structure with clamps and guides.
Arrangement of a splitter of complex configuration with taps of different cross-sections is carried out in the same way, while taking into account the location of the outlet elements in directions.
If leaks are found in the sewer riser, you will need to check the cross itself: over time, a crack may form in it. In this case, it will be easy to solve the problem. Replacing a splitter is much easier than dismantling a riser. A new part is inexpensive - from 200 rubles.
