Cesspools are often made from car tires, iron barrels, and bricks. Through such septic tanks, a poisonous liquid, teeming with microbes and toxins, enters the groundwater, and then into the water intake sources and on the table to the owners themselves. There are special rules and regulations that prescribe at what distance from the dwelling it is necessary to build a cesspool, how to make the bottom.
Current requirements for the installation of sewer wells
For sealing, a strong mixture is used - a concrete solution, if the septic tank itself is lined with bricks or made of concrete rings. There is no need to hope that the liquid will stay in the container - through the existing joints, it easily enters the ground, causing it to silt around the septic tank.
In the summer, it is advisable to eliminate the smell with biological products that are specially produced for outdoor toilets. If water with chemicals for washing dishes or laundry gets into the septic tank, it is necessary to select an appropriate product with bacteria resistant to chemicals.
Sanitary standards must be respected. Otherwise, representatives of regulatory authorities can draw up an act and force to remake the septic tank.
Types of wells
In most cases, a sewer well is done simply: a hole is dug, concrete rings or a plastic container are lowered into it, a pipe is brought in, covered with earth and a lid is placed. There are many types of sewer wells:
- Sightseeing - linear, rotary, nodal. Their goal is to facilitate the maintenance of underground sewers. They are installed in the most inconvenient places, where the system turns or several pipes converge at one point, or in a straight line every 15 meters.
- Cross-over wells are installed to change the level of the sewer installation. The inlet and outlet nozzles are located at different heights. Such models also have several varieties.
- Filtration are made of perforated concrete rings. The bottom is usually absent, since they receive partially treated wastewater.
- Accumulative collectors collect all household waste.
In order for the sewer pipes to serve longer and to make repairs or to clear the blockage at any time, it is necessary, in addition to the storage septic tank, to put an observation shaft into which a person can get into and do the work.
It is good if household waste is collected in one septic tank, and rainwater in another. It can be used to water the garden in hot weather, or simply pump it out into the street, outside the site. In the presence of one sewer well, an overflow may occur, and then the fetid liquid will spread around the area.
Materials for making
A septic tank can be built from a variety of materials, including stone. Rubber tires do not count, this design cannot be called a septic tank. After a year, drains will begin to flow out at the joints and poison the environment.
When planning, take into account climatic conditions, the level of occurrence of groundwater, the depth of soil freezing, as well as its characteristics.
The most commonly used concrete rings and bricks. To build a sewer well from rings, you will need to order a crane and invite assistants. A brick septic tank can be made independently, but its walls must be completely sealed with concrete to prevent leaks. The construction of a sewer well from concrete rings is an optimal combination of price and quality of materials.
Alternatively, a monolithic concrete solution. To do this, dig a hole and leave the required distance for pouring the solution. Thus, plastic containers are strengthened from cracking, only the walls of concrete are made thinner.
On sale there are one-piece plastic tanks made of durable polymer material. They are selected by volume, based on the number of people living in the house. You can buy a whole system from adjacent tanks so that the liquid is purified in a natural way: the first well with a closed bottom for settling solid waste, the second with an open one, from where the liquid will be absorbed into the ground. This takes into account the composition of the soil. An open septic tank is not equipped in areas where the main component of the soil is clay.
General preparatory stages for construction
Professional teams that are engaged in the construction of an autonomous sewage system first of all visit the site and inspect it, select the most suitable location for the sewer well.
Next, a pipe laying scheme is drawn up, the depth and angle of inclination are calculated. This is important for gravity systems. Where it is impossible to fulfill this requirement, it is necessary to install a pump that, under pressure, will push the waste into the septic tank. At this stage, the price for the installation of a sewer well and a highway is already known.
When the calculations are done, the marking of the site begins. To do this, use ropes and pegs where they will make trenches for pipes so that the line is even. The space for the septic tank is calculated with a margin so that the distance between the walls of the pit and the concrete rings can be filled with sand.
This is followed by the purchase of the required amount of materials that builders advise to use - concrete rings or plastic containers, as well as pipes of the required length, viewing plastic shafts, connecting elements.
Do-it-yourself installation of reinforced concrete rings under the sewer is a complicated matter, because the weight of the structure can only be lifted by a construction crane. It is recommended to find a technical solution with which the rings are installed in the pit.
Installation features
Stages of mounting concrete rings:
- At the marking site, dig a pit with a margin of 15 - 20 cm on the sides.
- Fill the bottom with rubble - about 20 cm.
- It is advisable to seal the bottom with concrete mortar.
- Connect the tap and install the rings depending on the depth of the pit.
- Lower the ladder and cover the joints with concrete.
- Lead the pipes and seal the joint.
- Fill the gaps between the pit walls and concrete rings with sand or gravel.
For concrete structures, covers with iron reinforcement are provided for easy opening, but you can buy a green plastic one so that it does not stand out against the background of the grass in summer. Once the concrete is cured, the object is tested for leaks.
Prices for the installation of septic tanks must be checked at the office of the construction company. The total cost depends on the selected material, the depth of the septic tank and the length of the sewer line.
