A country toilet without a cesspool is an ergonomic device installed in areas where a sewerage system is not installed. There are several design options, each with its own advantages and imperfections.
Types of toilet facilities
Common options for a country toilet without a cesspool: powder closet, dry closet, amenities with chemical or electric cleaning.
Cumulative powder closet
The idea of setting up a restroom is as simple as possible. An ordinary toilet is being erected on the street in the form of a booth, a rather high pedestal with a seat is assembled in it. A medium-sized container is installed directly under the opening, in which the feces accumulate. In order to avoid unpleasant odors, sawdust and peat are used, which are initially covered with a layer of 10-15 cm. After that, they are sprinkled and powdered with new portions of excrement after each visit to the toilet.
The result is not only a lavatory without sewage stench, but also fertilization, since the contents of the tank can be mixed with compost.
For collecting feces, it is better to choose not a bucket, but a plastic fifty-liter tank. It allows less frequent emptying. In this case, significant efforts are not required to remove the container and carry it. You can use a metal tank made of stainless steel or galvanized, but they are heavier. The drive must be sealed and have comfortable grips or handles.
Dry closet
In summer cottages, purchased plastic booths are used or they create a structure with their own hands. This is a wooden house with a storage tank installed in it. Its volume (depending on the model) is 12-24 liters.
The device is cleaned like this:
- Periodically, a biological agent is poured or poured into the storage device.
- Microorganisms in its composition decompose waste.
- The contents of the drive lose volume and turn into an environmentally friendly, odorless mass.
Disposal of residues is carried out no more than once a month, and they can also serve as the basis for compost.
Peat varieties of dry closets are convenient. They have receptacles where the peat-based composting substrate is added. The waste already in the device itself becomes fertilizer, which must be unloaded once a year. Hydraulic decoupling or special valves help to get rid of the appearance of odors. For comfortable operation of the dry closet, a water supply is connected to flush excrement, and a ventilation riser is also installed.
A septic toilet is also a type of biological device, but the decomposition of fecal masses occurs in special chambers. Usually there are two or more of them. If filters are installed, then the output is water purified up to 95 percent. It can be watered or used for technical needs.
Liquid Chemical Toilet
The device is similar to a dry closet working on bacteria, but instead of a biological agent, a special chemistry is used. It allows you to process waste in a storage device into a homogeneous, odorless mixture.
Among chemical compositions, products based on ammonium or formaldehyde are popular.
The first type is environmentally friendly. After processing, the waste can be disposed of in a compost pit.Formaldehyde products are highly effective but can damage soil and plants. Specialists are called in to remove the contents of the drive.
Electric dry closet
The device works according to a complex scheme. First, the liquid phase is separated from the solid. Then the first is purified and drained, and the second is processed into powder. The resulting dry raw material can be used as fertilizer. There are options that bring the state of a solid to an ash state.
Electric toilets are convenient - you don't have to empty them and worry about waste-degrading drugs or fillers.
Advantages and disadvantages
In the presence of an autonomous toilet, the need for additional costs for arranging a local sewage system disappears. Structures can be installed on any site, regardless of its relief, type of soil and occurrence of underground sources, even indoors.
But with all the advantages, each device has disadvantages:
- The powder closet must be emptied frequently during daily use. It does not recycle plain toilet paper, it needs biodegradable paper.
- A dry closet and a toilet, cleaned with the help of chemistry, require regular purchase of drugs, and if formaldehyde is used, then paid disposal of the contents.
- An electric toilet is dependent on the main source of electricity and costs a lot.
The most profitable option is a dry closet or bioseptic. The bacteria are expensive, but they make it possible to ensure the absolute ecological safety of the site. They are used as fertilizer, for cleaning pipelines and drains. In addition, biobacteria eliminate sewage odor completely.
Choosing a location
To arrange a toilet in the country without a sewage system, they do not take into account the depth of groundwater and the terrain, but some points need to be taken into account:
- The location of the toilet next to the kitchen and dining room is not allowed.
- It is necessary to install the object away from water supply sources (the recommended distance is 25 m).
- The distance to the neighboring area should be at least 3 meters.
If it is decided to place the amenities in the room, the most advantageous place for it is not far from the dressing room or under the stairs.
Materials for the construction of a toilet
To build outdoor amenities you will need:
- bars for the frame base;
- sheet plywood for wall cladding and seat fabrication;
- batten;
- nails, bolts, screws;
- slate, galvanized metal sheets, metal tiles;
- door block.
If you don't feel like building a seat by hand, you'll need to install a toilet. The most popular products in country toilets are plastic products. Such systems are produced without a tank, since there is no connection to the sewer.
Construction stages
To build a toilet without a cesspool in the garden or in the country with your own hands, you first need to build a house. In terms of dimensions, it should not be less than 1x1.5x2.2m, so that a tall and large person can freely accommodate there.
Erection of a structure for a toilet step by step:
- Shallow strip foundation is poured. Four pillars are dug in, fixing with concrete, like piles.
- A frame base of the front, rear and side walls made of 5 × 5 or 8 × 8 cm beams is attached to the pillars. The size of the front wall is 10 cm higher than the rear wall - for tilting the roof.
- On the front wall, a reinforcement for a door of an appropriate size and an opening for a window are made. The wall frames are attached to the foundation with metal corners. A strap must be made at the top and at the level of the seat.
- The frame is sheathed with plywood or wooden boards.
- All structural parts made of wood are treated with a special antibacterial impregnation, which protects the wood from moisture and pests, and then coated with paints and varnishes.
- A roof made of slate or metal profile is placed on the crate so as to build a visor.
- Doors are installed - wooden or plastic.
The chair is made of boards or lining. Or a plastic version is installed, but a drive is pre-installed under it, and a ventilation riser is also mounted.