Air cleanliness in buildings is largely dependent on the availability of a properly installed sewerage system. But the installation of structures for the disposal of dirty drains will not completely solve the issue of the sanitary well-being of the premises. Ventilation of the cesspool in a private house, as well as the device of internal air vents are necessary to get rid of unpleasant odors.
When do you need ventilation for sewage
- The house has over two floors.
- The volume of polluted wastewater is quite large.
- The diameter of the central sewer pipe is more than 50 mm.
- Plumbing fixtures are installed at various levels of the house.
The device of air outlets from the sewerage system is relevant for country houses with periodic residence and summer cottages. When plumbing fixtures are not used for a long time, water dries up in the siphons. This allows unpleasant odors from the sewage system to enter the living quarters.
In addition to the air exchange device in the sewer systems inside the house, it is necessary to provide for such a possibility for the external structure. This will prevent stagnant gases in pipes, septic tanks or cesspools.
Types and device of sewer ventilation in a private house
Ventilation of the sewer system will simultaneously solve several main problems:
- Air enters through the air vents, which allows you to regulate the pressure in the entire structure.
- Water traps in sanitary fixtures siphons remain in good condition. Smells do not enter the premises.
- In closed systems for the removal of human waste products, methane is gradually released in the process of their processing. This threatens people with poisoning, or the ignition of gases.
Ventilation of the drainage system is usually carried out using waste pipes or vacuum valves. A good option would be a combination of these details.
Internal ventilation in the house
The hood inside the house is usually provided at the design stage. For this, a separate ventilation shaft is equipped. Outside, the pipe is led out through the roof of the building to a height of 3-4 meters above ground level.
The ventilation duct is also carried out in the finished structure. The ventilation scheme of the sewer riser in a private house in this case provides for the installation of pipes along the walls of the building.
The option of removing the fan pipe along the fence has its advantages. The aesthetics of the house will not be affected, ventilation will be located away from the living area. Among the disadvantages, one can note a greater consumption of materials and laboriousness of work. Most often, the structure is fixed to fences with brackets or special supports.
External ventilation
Most often, a fan riser is mounted to the waste collection tank. Through it, gases formed as a result of waste processing are discharged.In addition, in case of significant volumes of drains, the ventilation pipe prevents the rarefaction of air in the septic tank or pit.
For greater efficiency, pipes for air intake are installed next to the waste tank. They come out to the surface by 50-100 cm.
Ventilation valves
Ventilation valves are also installed in the system. They partially solve the problem of regulating the pressure inside the sewer pipes.
The main disadvantages of using valves:
- When the water dries in the siphon of the sanitary appliance, the valve does not prevent the appearance of odors.
- The valves are often clogged.
- At negative temperatures, the structure freezes and ceases to fulfill its task.
The best option would be to install vacuum valves in addition to the drain pipes.
Choice of materials
The hood in the sewage system of a private house is arranged mainly from plastic pipes. They have many advantages to use:
- light weight;
- ease of installation;
- resistance to chemicals and corrosion;
- a wide range of products and fittings.
The size of the parts for the ventilation system depends on the height of the building. A small one-story house is equipped with an air exchanger made of pipes with a diameter of 50 mm. For large cottages, 110 mm elements should be used.
You should not build a drainage system and its ventilation from various materials. In this case, it will be difficult to ensure reliable sealing of the joints of the elements. If the air exhaust device is made in old buildings with cast iron pipes, then the same elements are chosen for ventilation. Alternatively, dismantle the existing sewer line with the replacement of all parts with plastic ones. In this case, the ventilation pipe is taken from plastic.
Design
To draw up a ventilation scheme for a sewer riser in private houses, it is worth considering the following points:
- The upper edge of the pipe must be at least 300 cm from the ceiling and 50 cm from the roofing material.
- A protective cap is not put on the top of the air outlet in order to avoid the formation of condensation and freezing of the structure.
- Do not arrange a ventilation outlet near the edge of the roof.
The sewer air exchanger cannot be combined with conventional ventilation or smoke extraction systems.
Installation rules
When installing a ventilation structure, the basic rules should be observed:
- The outlet of the air outlet is carried out through the load-bearing wall to the outside of the house. A special box is mounted in this place. The pipe is bent with 90 degree bends. The details are fixed to the wall with brackets or clamps with an attachment pitch of 200 cm. The structure should be insulated and covered with decorative trim.
- The valves are mounted on a vertical riser and horizontal sections of the waste drainage structure. Most often they are in addition to full ventilation of the sewage system in a private house. It is recommended to install valves closer to the vertical riser.
If the ventilation of the sewer riser in a private house is performed correctly, then there should be no foreign odors in the living quarters. But sometimes their appearance is possible. In this case, there are a few things to check:
- Improper installation or breakdown of one of the plumbing fixtures, in particular the siphon.
- A malfunction in the operation of the water seal is often associated with the use of small-sized pipes for the sewage system. But ordinary clogging also becomes the cause.
- Damage to elements in the drainage system - depressurization of joints or cracks in parts.
It is also worth checking the design of the ventilation structure for blockages.
Ventilation of a cesspool in a private house, or a sewer ventilation device inside a building is more convenient to perform from plastic parts. This does not require professional skills. Correctly assembled structure will serve for a long time and reliably.
