Storm sewers are an important attribute of communications installed in the city and a personal plot. One of the important elements of the system is the grids for the drainage trays. The functionality of the entire storm drain and the appearance of the territory depend on their installation.
Purpose of drainage grids
Arrangement of stormwater and drainage is possible with the help of drainage trays to drain excess moisture. For their manufacture, concrete, metal and polymers with a smooth surface are used. When installing trough structures at an angle, a uniform drain of excess water is ensured even after prolonged showers. The devices are covered with special gratings that can prevent branches, leaves and other debris from entering the sewer.
Lattice parts have additional functions:
- Safety. By closing the drainage cavity, they allow people and animals to avoid injuries due to imprudence.
- Creation of unimpeded transport passage. Drainage grates laid flush with the road surface allow vehicles to maneuver and withstand significant loads.
- Improvement of the territory - a street or a personal plot.
In appearance, the drainage grate for drainage of waste water outdoors can be slotted or cellular. Both types are functional, the choice is due to decorative preferences.
Types and sizes
In terms of size and shape, the lattice parts must correspond to the trays they cover. The size of the grids depends on the width of the hydraulic section of the chute element and is indicated in the marking: from DN95 to DN500. The standard length of the tray is 1 m, although they are also more elongated. Width - in the range of 14-400 cm.
Grids for storm sewer systems are divided by load class:
| Class | Load (t) | Purpose | Popular models |
| BUT | up to 1.5 | They are mounted on home gardens and paths for pedestrians. | Plastic storm, stamped steel galvanized, copper water intake, stamped stainless steel. |
| B | up to 12.5 | They are used in auto towns, in car parks. | Galvanized steel mesh. |
| FROM | up to 25 | Installed on highways or gas stations. | Stamped stainless steel, slotted cast iron and honeycomb. |
| D | up to 40 | They are capable of supporting the weight of a truck and are placed on highways where the passage of such vehicles is allowed. | Cast iron slotted and cellular. |
| E | up to 60 | Installed at parking lots of trucks, terminals, warehouses. | |
| F | up to 90 | They are used in airports, military bases, in areas of heavy special equipment traffic. |
The latter type is rarely used and only in places with an extremely heavy load on the road surface.
The cost of the product also depends on the size and load class. The higher the last parameter, the more expensive: the gratings are reinforced due to their thickening and additional processing of the source material.
Manufacturing material
Lattice products are subdivided according to the material of manufacture. The scope of application of parts also depends on it:
- Cast iron elements are used for most of the linear type drainage systems, which are installed in areas with constant friction and increased pressure.
- Stainless steel metal gratings are used at large gas stations, roadsides, near industrial plants and in locations where there are great requirements for the anti-corrosion characteristics of the material. To reduce the cost of building a storm sewer, galvanized steel is sometimes used.
- Plastic grates are used in places with low loads: in personal plots, paths for pedestrians, parks and squares. Their installation on highways with a dense traffic flow of freight transport is not allowed.
- Copper products are only able to withstand a small load and are used as decoration.
In places with increased load, it is advisable to use cast iron lattice elements. They have a lot of weight, but at the same time they are as hardy as possible. A cast iron grate for covering large drainage trays will be required when installing special equipment. To improve their resistance to corrosion, they are galvanized. To ennoble and give decorativeness, they are covered with paint for metal.
Installation rules
Plastic trays
Installation of polymer structures is carried out in stages:
- A ditch is dug in accordance with the drawing at the site where the tray product is supposed to be installed.
- A concrete substrate is created by pouring a solution in an even layer on the bottom of the ditch.
- Plastic trays are placed in the center of the trench.
- The slopes are poured with concrete to ensure the stability of the drainage structure.
Connect the trays into a single end-to-end structure. For convenience, a tongue is made on one side of the tray, and a groove on the opposite side. For a corner connection, cut a small hole in the side wall and join the products at an angle of 90 degrees, seal and install a plug.
Fix the lattice on a plastic tray like this:
- Install the main fastening system in the tray element by unscrewing the bolt from it.
- Fix the hardware in the groove on the lattice piece.
- Tighten the screw - firmly, until it stops.
The stamped lattice is fixed quite simply: the locks are folded along the edges and the part is fixed in the tray.
Concrete trays
Tray structures are installed in a pre-dug trench on a concrete pad. The layer thickness is determined depending on the degree of stress. The base is usually made of B25 concrete. The sides are fastened in the form of slopes.
Reinforced concrete trays are docked with each other and sealed. With the corner connection of the drainage system, the required part of the side wall is cut out.
For better drainage of moisture flowing into the channels, you need to create the necessary slope in the direction of the water discharge point or the central receiver.
In the direction of the drainage line, heat seams are made by notching at a distance of 20 mm from each other to prevent deformation of the system during seasonal temperature changes.
The gratings are fixed to the concrete by means of special screws. They can be removed for cleaning. The top of the installed grill must be 0.5 cm below the level of the coating surface.
It is best to connect the tray chain to the sewer lines through a sand trap. The pipeline from it to the first well is performed using a pipe section with a bell and smooth walls.
Correct selection of lattice elements and their firm attachment to the trays are important for road safety. Transport passing by even at low speed is quite capable of knocking out a loose grate, creating an emergency.
