The entrance group of the fence is made up of a gate and a wicket. To some extent, they represent part of the design of the main building and provide a first impression. On the other hand, the size and design of this group are regulated rather strictly.
The nuances of the location of the gate
The gate in the country house for the entry of the car and the gate for the passage of people must meet a number of requirements:
- The sash area is quite large, so a fair amount of wind load falls on it. The material of construction is selected so that it can withstand the strongest winds and blizzards.
- For the entrance group, it makes sense to use durable and wear-resistant materials. Rain, snow, temperature changes, freezing, exhaust gases - all this significantly reduces the life of the fence.
- The gates and wickets are part of the security system. The task of the entry group is to prevent animals and unauthorized persons from entering the site. However, the degree of burglary resistance is determined by the general security requirements. It makes no sense to put a lock on a picket gate.
- The dimensions of the gates and wickets for a private house must meet the requirements of the owner of the cottage. The dimensions of a personal car and the need for freight transport to clear a cesspool, for example, or to deliver building materials, are taken into account.
Construction on a summer cottage is strictly regulated by SNiP. The placement of the gate also depends on the number and purpose of buildings on the allotment and near the site.
- It is prohibited to install a gate near an intersection. Hinged doors impede the movement of pedestrians and limit the driver's view, which is dangerous.
- The open doors should not interfere with the opening of a neighbor's gate or block their entry to their site.
- Inward opening is preferable. In this case, the flaps do not interfere with anyone. Outward opening is permitted if no other options are available.
- Doors must rotate at least 90 degrees to allow easy entry. Rotation up to 180 degrees is encouraged, as this allows you to slightly reduce the size of the opening. On the contrary, the inability to fully open the sash forces the physical opening to be made wider.
To prevent such a situation, it is forbidden to plant tall and medium-sized trees near the entrance. But if the plants are part of outdoor landscaping, they cannot be removed.
In most cases, restrictions arise due to the peculiarities of the swing design. Recoiling or lifting models solve this problem.
Gate types
The dimensions of the gate for a private country house depend on the design. The following models are distinguished:
- Swinging - when opening the sash, swing open, turning on the hinges. To do this, you need free space, which creates a number of inconveniences: trees and bushes cannot be planted near the opening, open doors interfere with the passage, the gates block the view of the motorist. However, this option is affordable, do-it-yourself installation, therefore it is popular.
- Sliding - the door leaf moves along the fence to the side. To open the space around the opening is not required, but a free section of the fence is needed.This is much easier to do, since according to SNiP norms, even bushes are planted at a distance of at least 1 m from the fence. The disadvantage of this solution is the possibility of freezing of the roller mechanism and contamination of the guides. These items should be cleaned fairly often.
- Lifting - when opening, the sash rises, bends and occupies a horizontal position at a certain height. At the summer cottage, they rarely equip: the guides and the roller mechanism get dirty here even faster. However, such gates are very resistant to burglary and can be an important element of home security. They do not need to be insulated.
- Roller shutters - the canvas consists of narrow slats. When opened, the sash rolls up and hides in a box. This design does not take up space at all, does not limit the view and is much easier than sectional. However, the reliability of the roller shutter curtain is lower than that of the sectional or forged curtain; it is much easier to damage such doors with a blow. In addition, the box limits the height of the passage, which is not always acceptable.
Lifting models appear extremely rarely in summer cottages. Here, the web does not bend during lifting and turns to a horizontal position as one plane. This design is rather cumbersome and difficult to maintain.
Dimensions of gates and wickets
To choose the right size of gates and wickets for your country house, take into account:
- Vehicle dimensions, if the owner has one.
- Dimensions of freight vehicles that must enter the site. Most often this is due to the height of the opening.
- Material - for example, a corrugated sheet or a picket fence, weighs little. However, the first option limits the length of the sash, since the blind door leaf has a high windage. Solid or forged sashes are much stronger, but also heavier.
- Design - for swing leaves, you need to leave room and also take into account the turning radius. Lifting limits the height of the opening.
The size of the wicket is not so strictly regulated. The standard requirement is the possibility of free passage for 1 person - the minimum width is 90 cm.
Calculating the size of the wicket
The dimensions of this element primarily depend on the type: built-in or free-standing.
For option 2, a separate opening is constructed. Limitations:
- The minimum width for a free passage is 80–90 cm.
- The optimal width is considered to be 110 cm. It allows a person of any size to pass freely, and most importantly, to bring in overall, but not heavy things without opening the gate.
- The height usually does not exceed the height of the fence - from 70 to 150 cm.
- The opening for the wicket can be either open - without the upper crossbar, or closed. In the latter case, the opening becomes a design element and is made, for example, in the form of an arch.
They try to reduce the dimensions of the built-in wicket in the fence. In a lightweight construction made of a profile pipe and corrugated board, this element causes an imbalance and looses the gate. In a heavy one, the wicket has less effect, but it reduces the strength and resistance to burglary.
Size requirements:
- The width is minimal, although 110 cm is also allowed.
- Height below the height of the gate. The opening is deaf, that is, it is possible to equip such an option only with a door leaf of at least 180 cm.
The gate can only be made as a swing gate.
Calculating the size of the door for passenger cars
The most important parameter in such calculations is the determination of the width of the final opening. Further depends on the design and features of the site.
Passenger cars have different dimensions. On average, the width of the body is 1.5–1.7 m. However, the width of an SUV can reach 2 m. In order for the car to freely enter the site, there must be a technical gap on both sides - 30–40 cm each.Accordingly, the size of the opening is the sum of the body width and 60-80 cm.
If the sash opening is limited and does not reach 90 degrees, the width of the opening is increased so that the actual size of the opening for the passage reaches the required minimum. Another nuance: how the car enters the site. If the drive is straight, the width is left as standard. If the entrance is at an angle, the opening is increased.
The standard minimum is 2.5 m. This opening does not allow you to enter at speed.
If the opening is closed or the gate limits the height, this value must also be taken into account. The minimum is the sum of the height of the car and 30 cm. Manufacturers offer a minimum height of 180 cm. This is enough for the car to pass, but it is inconvenient for people leaving it: a tall person touches the top of the sash with his head.
If a roof rack is mounted on the car roof, the total opening height must be increased by another 30 cm.
Calculating the size of the truck gate
Freight transport is much more massive. The width of the ZIL is 2.5 m, so the minimum gate width will be 3.1 m.If the entrance is not straight, all 4 m.
The height of the gate, if required, is calculated in the same way: the height of the truck plus 30 cm of free space. For freight transport, on average, it is 2.5 m.
The optimal width of the gate in a private house
The standard of a gate for a country house takes into account their design. The dimensions of the swing sash are limited only by the capabilities of the material. Metal gates mounted on brick pillars can be very large.
A sliding sash made of iron sheet or wood seems much larger compared to a swing sash: here one sash replaces 2. But its dimensions are limited by the weight of the structure and the power of the fittings.
Swing gates
The minimum possible gate for the given conditions is called optimal. On average, this is a structure with a width of 2.6 m and a height of 1.8, if only passenger cars are supposed to pass.
Dimensions change if the machine is large or if the passage of freight transport is expected.
Other considerations also become important. For example, if a summer cottage is located far from the road, and the cottage needs to be protected from the threat of fire, the opening is made much larger - 6 m. This is required for a fire engine to pass.
Sliding gates
Sliding sashes can be of almost any size required. Even if the gate needs to be made very wide - the same 6 m, you can install 2 sashes instead of 1 with a width of 3 m each. The height of the canvas is limited by the capabilities of the material.
Lifting
The width of the overhead gates at the dacha is chosen according to the size of the car, but taking into account the design restrictions from the manufacturer. Minimum dimensions: width 2.4 m, height 2.2 m. It is better to increase the first parameter to 2.8–3.0 m.
Roll
The lightness of the lamellas allows you to vary the dimensions quite widely. The standard of 2.5–3 m is not difficult to manufacture. The maximum value reaches 11 m. The height of 2.2–2.5 m is more than sufficient for the passage of a passenger car.
