Self-construction of a cellar in the garage

The basement in the garage is used for storing vegetables and rolling. The underground is a pit with a covering and reinforced walls. The owners build a cellar in the garage with their own hands in order to optimally withstand the conditions of low temperature, darkening, while effectively ensuring the flow of fresh air. Vertical fences are made of brick, concrete, asbestos-cement slabs, stone.

What is a basement in a garage for?

Every family needs a garage underground, especially if they live in an apartment. In a large city, such a place is the only place where you can store and store supplies for the winter, since the refrigerator is of limited size.

In a private house, vegetables grown in the garden or garden fruits are stored underground. The room always maintains the optimum temperature, even if the weather is frosty outside.

Feasibility of construction, pros and cons

A small basement can be equipped in any car box. The garage owner can always build a basement in the garage with his own hands, if he adheres to the technology and has little construction skills.

The downside is that exhaust gases penetrate into the underground when the engine is running, and the soil moisture from the cellar increases the humidity of the garage. Problems are solved by waterproofing and proper sealing of the manhole.

When building, pay attention to the level of standing of soil moisture. If the water is located close to the surface of the earth, they perform high-quality insulation, arrange a drainage system. The quality of the soil matters, since the instructions for building in clay or black soil are different.

The depth of soil freezing is taken into account. A basement wall insulation device is required to maintain a consistently low temperature without freezing.

Types of cellars

There are several options that differ in size in height.

A semi-buried subfloor is often combined with a viewing pit; concrete slabs and wooden walls are used for it.

A semi-buried pit with a depth of no more than 1 m is laid out of bricks, cinder blocks, the design requires mandatory isolation from water.

A recessed cellar can be up to 2.5 m deep - the most popular option among garage owners.

Preparatory stage

They are studying the technical feasibility of building a cellar in the garage, since city communications may interfere. To determine the routes, they look at the laying documents during the construction of the microdistrict, such information can be given by a specialist of the city service.

Develop a plan, which indicates the dimensions of the pit in width, length, height. It provides for the location of the stairs, the passage in the roof.

It is recommended to make a subfloor with a depth of 1.7 - 2.5 m and a width of 2 - 2.5 meters. The cellar does not need to be dug wide, even if there is a spacious area. Be sure to draw up a drawing for calculating materials.

An indent of at least 0.5 meters is recommended from the walls.The ladder should be 70 - 80 cm wide, the height in the gap from the bottom tread to the overlap - 1.9 m, so as not to hit your head when climbing.

Materials and tools for construction

For the arrangement, you will need materials for the floor, waterproofing, insulation. The walls are laid with bricks, cinder blocks, made monolithic of concrete.

Required tools:

• chipper, crowbar, hammer, shovels;
• spatula, trowel, pliers;
• drill, screwdriver,
• measuring tool.

Silicate brick is not suitable for making a cellar in a garage, since it is saturated with moisture, therefore, ceramic fired is used. For overlapping, take wood, metal or reinforced concrete slabs.

Calculation of materials for construction

Building materials are purchased according to preliminary estimates. Find the volume of concrete for the floor. Based on the ratio 1: 3: 5, determine the volume of sand, cement, crushed stone. The obtained values ​​are multiplied by the volumetric weight of the materials, and they will find out how much to order them by weight. The same is done with other building materials.

The volume of brickwork is divided by the cubic capacity of one brick, and the number of stones is found. The volume of the solution is determined at the rate of 0.189 m³ per 1 cube of a wall in a half-brick, and 0.221 m³ for a brick thickness.

Sequence of work

Initially, you need to dig a pit, then add a bottom filling, concrete the floor. Prefabricated floor slabs or slabs are used if the construction of the basement coincides with the construction of the entire garage. Moving these elements requires a crane.

In the conditions of a ready-made garage, it will not be possible to use an excavator; earthwork will have to be done manually.

Floor construction

More often they arrange a reinforced concrete monolithic floor. For the drainage cushion, take sand and crushed stone 5 and 10 cm, respectively. Geotextiles are laid under them, the edges of which are brought to the top of the bedding.

After that, they put a waterproofing of three layers of roofing material on resin or ready-made mastic. The insulation is placed on the walls so that an edge of 10-15 cm remains on the top. A welded metal mesh is laid from rods with a diameter of 6 mm, then concrete is poured without formwork.

Basement wall erection

Brickwork is led to half a brick or one brick. In the process of work, the horizontal and vertical dressing of the seams is observed. The front side of a 0.5 brick wall should consist of spoon surfaces, and 1 stone thick - alternate pokes and spoons in a redrawn order.

The mortar is laid so that the joint height is no more than 0.6 - 0.8 mm. Reinforcement is used every 3 to 4 rows. If the walls are concreted, formwork is placed into which concrete is poured.

Basement arrangement

The finishing process includes natural or forced ventilation. After laying the floor and erecting the walls, insulation is done using a frame method or by gluing.

Then they are engaged in the equipment of the floor and the entrance hatch to the basement, they put a removable staircase, or provide for stationary concrete steps. Before the finishing layer, wiring is done so that there is an outlet, a switch and a lamp, supply power to the fan.

Waterproofing, mildew prevention

Waterproofing is done before laying bricks, an additional vapor barrier film is put in the process of insulation. Use specialized membranes with a steam passage only in one direction, or stick simple polyethylene.

Mold appears due to poor ventilation, waterproofing, storage of rotted products. To combat mold, they use disinfection of walls and ceilings with disinfecting agents, whitewash with slaked lime, if the type of finish allows. Racks, shelves are processed, and collapsible structures are taken out into the street and dried.

Natural ventilation

In a garage, it is an exhaust pipe under the ceiling, which goes above the roof of the autoblock by 0.5 m.The heated air is removed naturally.

To activate natural metabolism, an influx of fresh air is required. To do this, a pipe is laid near the floor (at a height of 10 cm), which is exhibited outside the garage. Protective nets and debris hoods are mounted on the exhaust and supply pipes. For work in cold weather, the collectors are insulated so that there is no frost in them.

Mechanized ventilation

The option differs from natural air exchange in that fans powered by electricity are placed in the holes. The device is placed only for pulling, or provided in both pipes. Aggregates are selected according to the capacity corresponding to the volume of the basement.

Arrange a modern scheme for cleaning and recuperating air if the cellar in the garage is used to store a large amount of vegetables and supplies.

How to insulate a basement from the inside

It is possible to build a basement in a garage without insulation if the building is located in the southern regions, where the soil freezes to a small extent. For internal insulation, a crate is made, which is attached to a brick or concrete wall. In the intervals, a cold insulator is installed, and the surface of the frame is finished with facing materials.

Another option is to stick the styrofoam to the brick, then putty on the plastic mesh.

Overlap and hatch device

For the overlap, wooden or metal beams are placed, on which boards are recruited in the form of a roll. Sometimes they put a corner of steel, on the shelves of which lumber is laid, fastened with self-tapping screws for metal. The overlap is also insulated with mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, waterproofing from dampness from the cellar is laid.

The hatch is made in the center of the floor if there is a movable ladder. Hole size - from 65 x 65 mm to 80 x 80 mm. For a stationary march, an inlet is made at the end of the pit.

Tips for making stairs

The steps of a standard march are made of concrete, wood, iron. Wooden structures are treated with anti-fungus agents, to reduce moisture absorption, fire-prevention impregnations are used.

The metal is coated with anti-corrosion agents, painted with oil compounds. Removable structures are folding or lifting.

Lighting and finishing

Luminaires with waterproof sheaths are used. Wires are laid in sealed hoses or special boxes so that moisture does not penetrate. They take copper wires that do not oxidize over time.

Wall decoration is provided from moisture-resistant materials, for example, ceramic tiles, simple or decorative plaster, followed by painting. Plastic panels work well in wet conditions, but their surface is easily damaged.

Tiles, porcelain stoneware, linoleum are laid on the floor. The ceiling is hemmed with OSB panels, plastic on a frame made of a wooden lath or galvanized profile.

To prevent high humidity, the premises are regularly dried in the summer. Surfaces for the prevention of the development of microorganisms are treated with antifungal solutions, antibacterial drugs. To reduce humidity, a blind area is also made around the garage to keep rainwater out of the area around the cellar. Provide for regular inspection of the integrity of walls, floors, preventive repair of cracks in order to reduce the flow of water, keep the basement dry.