Heating energy measurement units

For residents of apartment buildings, a standard of payment for heating services has been established, which depends on the amount of thermal energy spent on maintaining a normal temperature in the house. This point is spelled out in PP No. 306. Knowing what the heating is measured in, you can predict costs for a month, heating period or quarter.

What is Gcal

The concept of gigacalorie means a unit of measurement of heat energy in heating. This energy within the premises is transferred by convection from batteries to objects, and is emitted into the air. A calorie is the amount of energy required to heat 1 gram of water 1 degree at atmospheric pressure.

To calculate heat energy, another unit is used - Gcal, equal to 1 billion calories. On average, heat consumption per 1 sq. m. in Gcal in the Russian Federation is 0.9342 Gcal / month. If we translate the indicator into other values, 1 Gcal will be equal to:

• 1162.2 kWh;
• heating 1 thousand tons of water to +1 degrees.

The value was approved in 1995.

Features of Gcal for residential high-rise buildings

If the multi-apartment type of buildings is not equipped with a general or individual meter, the heat energy is calculated by the area of ​​the premises. When there is a metering device, horizontal or sequential routing of the route, residents independently determine the amount of heat energy. To do this, use:

• Throttling radiators. When the passability is limited, the temperature decreases and energy consumption decreases.
• A common thermostat is placed on the return line. The coolant consumption depends on the temperature in the apartment. At low flow rates, the temperature is higher, at high flow rates, lower.

An apartment in a new building is mainly equipped with an individual meter.

Specificity of Gcal for a private house

The material used for heating is determined by the tariff for private buildings. According to averaged data, the cost of 1 Gcal is equal to:

• natural gas 3.3 thousand rubles, liquefied 520 rubles;
• solid fuel - coal 550 rubles, pellets 1.8 thousand rubles;
• diesel - 3270 rubles;
• electricity - 4.3 thousand rubles.

The price of heat energy depends on the region in which the private house is located.

General principles of computation

How heat energy is calculated is established by PP No. 354. The calculations are carried out by utilities, but they are allowed to be made by the residents themselves. You can determine the heat consumption after calculating the amount of heat energy spent on heating for the year. This period makes it possible to obtain an average standard, since the costs are lower in summer and more in winter. Payment in accordance with the standard provides for equal costs for the heating period or calendar year.

The calculation scheme depends on several factors:

• equipping the house with a thermal energy meter;
• the ability to take into account the heating of all rooms with individual devices;
• calendar time for payment - winter or all year.

It is more difficult to calculate thermal energy for an apartment building than for a private one.This is due to the presence of common areas, residential and non-residential premises, ownership. Taking into account the dependence of heat energy on the dimensions of the room, it is worth guiding by PP No. 354 and PP No. 306. They note the distribution of the volume of heat used by the house in proportion to the area of ​​the apartments. The total meter readings are divided by the share ratio of the owners' housing.

Methods for calculating the amount of heat

It is possible to determine the cost of a gigacalorie of heat depending on the availability of an accounting device. Several schemes are used on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Payment without meters during the heating season

The calculation is based on the area of ​​the apartment (living rooms + utility rooms) and is made according to the formula:

P = SхNхTwhere:

• P - amount to be paid;
• S - the size of the area of ​​an apartment or house in m²;
• N - heat spent for heating 1 square for 1 month in Gcal / m²;
• T - tariff cost of 1 Gcal.

Example. The energy provider for a one-room apartment of 36 squares supplies heat at 1.7 thousand rubles / Gcal. The consumer rate is 0.025 Gcal / m². For 1 month, heating services will be: 36x0.025x1700 = 1530 rubles.

Payment without meter for the whole year

Without an accounting device, the calculation formula also changes P = Sx (NxK) xTwhere:

• N - the rate of heat energy consumption per 1 m2;
• T - cost of 1 Gcal;
• TO - coefficient of periodicity of payment (the number of heating months is divided by the number of calendar months). If the reason for the absence of an accounting device is not documented, K increases by 1.5 times.

Example. The one-room apartment has an area of ​​36 m2, the tariff is 1,700 rubles per Gcal and the consumer rate is 0.025 Gcal / m2. Initially, it is required to calculate the frequency factor for 7 months of heat supply. K = 7: 12 = 0.583. Further, the numbers are substituted into the formula 36x (0.025x0.583) x1700 = 892 rubles.

The cost in the presence of a general house meter in the winter

This method allows you to calculate the price for central heating with a common meter. Since heat energy is supplied to the entire building, the calculation is based on the area. The formula is applied P = VxS / StotxTwhere:

• P - monthly cost of services;
• S - the area of ​​a separate living space;
• Stot - the size of the area of ​​all heated apartments;
• V - general indications of the collective metering device for the month;
• T - tariff cost of 1 Gcal.

Example. The area of ​​the owner's dwelling is 36 m2, of the entire high-rise building - 5000 m2. Monthly heat consumption is 130 Gcal, the cost of 1 Gcal in the region is 1700 rubles. Payment for one month is 130 x 36/5000 x 1700 = 1591 rubles.

Metering devices are available in all apartments

Depending on the presence of a collective meter at the entrance and a personal device in each of the apartments, there is a change in readings, but this does not apply to tariffs for heating services. The payment is divided between all owners according to the parameters of the area as follows:

1. The difference in heat consumption on the general house and personal meters is considered according to the formula Vdiff. = V- Vpom.
2. The resulting figure is substituted into the formula P = (Vpom. + VрxS / Stot.) XT.

The meanings of the letters are deciphered as follows:

• P - amount to be paid;
• S - indicator of the area of ​​a separate apartment;
• Stot... - the total area of ​​all apartments;
• V - collective heat input;
• Vpom - individual heat consumption;
• Vр - the difference between the readings of individual and household appliances;
• T - tariff cost of 1 Gcal.

Example. In a one-room apartment of 36 m2, an individual counter is installed, showing 0.6. 130 is knocked out on the brownie, a separate group of devices gave 118. The square of the high-rise building is 5000 m2. Monthly heat consumption - 130 Gcal, payment for 1 Gcal in the region - 1700 rubles. First, the difference in readings Vр = 130 - 118 = 12 Gcal is calculated, and then - a separate payment P = (0.6 + 12 x 36/5000) x 1700 = 1166.88 rubles.

Application of a multiplying factor

On the basis of PP No. 603, the heating fee is charged 1.5 times more if the meter has not been repaired within 2 months, if it is stolen or damaged. A multiplying factor is also set if homeowners do not transmit the readings of the device or twice did not allow specialists to check the technical condition to it. You can independently calculate the multiplying coefficient using the formula P = Sx1.5 NxT.

The formula for calculating heat energy (per 1 square meter)

The exact formula for calculating heat energy for heating is taken in the ratio of 100 W per 1 square. In the course of calculations, it takes the form:

Q = (S × 100) × a × b × c × d × e × f × g × h × i × j × k × l × m.

Correction factors are denoted by Latin letters:

• but - the number of walls in the room. For the inner room, it is 0.8, for one external structure - 1, for two - 1.2, for three - 1.4.
• b - the location of the external walls to the cardinal points. If the room faces north or east - 1.1, south or west - 1.
• c - the ratio of the room to the wind rose. The house on the upwind side is 1.2, on the leeward side - 1, parallel to the wind - 1.1.
• d - climatic conditions of the region. Indicated in the table.

• e - insulation of the wall surface. For structures without insulation - 1.27, with two bricks and minimal insulation - 1, good insulation - 0.85.
• f - ceiling height. Indicated in the table.

• g - features of floor insulation. For basements and plinths - 1.4, with insulation on the ground - 1.2, in the presence of a heated room below - 1.
• h - features of the upper room. If there is a cold mountain at the top - 1, an attic with insulation - 0.9, a heated room - 0.8.
• i - design features of window openings. In the presence of double glazing - 1.27, single-chamber double-glazed windows - 1, two-chamber or three-chamber glass with argon gas - 0.85.
• j - general parameters of the glazing area. It is calculated by the formula x = ∑Sok / Sп, where ∑Sok is a common indicator for all windows, Sп is the square of the room.
• k - the presence and type of the entrance opening. A room without a door -1, with one door to the street or loggia - 1.3, with two doors to the street or loggia - 1.7.
• l - battery connection diagram. Specified in the table

• m - the specifics of the installation of radiators. Indicated in the table.

Before using the formula, create a diagram with data for all coefficients.

Accounting devices for houses and apartments

A special device allows you to accurately calculate tariffs for water supply, electricity, gas and heat. Users are allowed to install a heat meter to record the consumption of heat energy. The device measures in Gcal / h, kW / h and kJ / h. Today they are popular.

Vane meters

The counter has the form of a mechanism with a perpendicular rotation axis. The model is characterized by low sensitivity, which makes it possible to accurately measure heat costs. The regulators are suitable for rooms with good thermal insulation, temperature indicators of +26 degrees. The vane apparatus with the temperature correction functions up to +22 degrees counts the minimum Gcal.

Benefits:

• inexpensive cost;
• power supply from batteries;
• ease of use;
• measurement accuracy.

Minuses:

• risk of damage due to water hammer;
• rapid wear of the mechanism;
• pressure increase in the system;
• when the impeller is jammed, the water flow is not allowed through.

Vane-type devices are suitable for taking readings when a small volume of water is used.

Devices with jump recorders

The impulse device makes remote readings from 2-16 channels, therefore it is suitable for a private or apartment building. Accounting and data transmission is carried out to an LCD monitor, through a detachable interface, to a laptop or computer using a network cable, via a GSM network.

The scenario according to which the readings need to be measured is set by the user. Ultrasonic devices can be connected to the water and gas supply systems, are part of the ASKUE or are combined with the “smart home” system.

Benefits:

• many options for general and private measurements;
• the ability to integrate into several accounting systems;
• strength due to the absence of moving parts;
• beautiful appearance and compactness;
• protection from dust and moisture - the meter can be placed in the kitchen or outdoors;
• durable body;
• functions of self-diagnosis of malfunctions;
• extensive communication;
• execution with or without a removable computing unit;
• the period between inspections is 6 years, between replacements - 10 years.

Minuses:

• high price;
• communication capabilities depend on the specifics of the output;
• the cost of purchasing flow meters, pressure sensors, remote control modules for basic equipment.

For outdoor use, models with differential recorders are suitable, which have a moisture protection level of IP 68.

Results of all calculations

With the correct use of the calculation formula, you can find out the amount of consumed Gcal of thermal energy. The information will help you plan your budget, clarify the total amount to be paid. Based on the above formulas, we can conclude about the cost of gigacalories for a structure up to 200 squares. This value is equal to 3 Gcal per month. Taking into account the duration of the heating season in most regions of the Russian Federation at 6 months, it is easy to determine the approximate heat consumption. You will need to multiply 3 Gcal by 6 months. The result is 18 Gcal.

The cost of gigacalories is easier to calculate for a private house according to the indicators of an individual meter. The settlement process for apartments is complicated by the presence of a house and personal meter. However, such a procedure is implemented independently without visits to special organizations.

To calculate heat energy, special mathematical formulas are used. The most accurate data are substituted in them, and energy providers are informed about self-calculation. When calculating, you can use online calculators or contact specialists who will perform all operations, focusing on the indicators of your room and the type of counter.