When choosing a heater, one of the main parameters is the economical consumption of energy carriers. Conventional models can provide a fairly comfortable temperature level, but at the same time, fuel consumption will be maximum. Heating boilers on wood burning long burning and solid fuel are devoid of this disadvantage. This was made possible by significant design changes.
The principle of operation of boilers
A traditional solid fuel boiler is a design that has a combustion chamber, ash pan and heat exchanger for connection to the heating system. To maintain the combustion process, the air flow to the furnace is carried out through the ash pan. In this case, the process of fuel combustion occurs very quickly. Long-burning wood-fired heating boilers work on a different principle.
Additional elements have been added to it, which ensure the flow of air from the room. Moreover, they differ in intensity and purpose. This innovation directly affects not only fuel consumption, but also the operating temperature of long-burning boilers for a water heating system.
The specificity of the operation of such a heater is as follows:
- The dimensions of the loading chamber are much larger than those of conventional boilers. This is necessary for maximum loading of solid fuel - wood or coal;
- After filling, the energy carrier is ignited and the door is closed. At the same time, the flow of air does not provide full-fledged combustion, but smoldering, while simultaneously directing the formed gas into the combustion chamber of a long-burning heating furnace on wood;
- Here, an intensive oxygen supply is provided by a special nozzle. The gas ignites and a lot of heat is generated.
The ash pan in this design serves only to remove excess mineral waste from the loading chamber.
It is noteworthy that, depending on the direction of the air flow, the gas can flow both up and down on the smoldering firewood. The choice of direction helps to optimize the design of a long-burning furnace for hot water heating. Their varieties and principles of work must be considered.
Types and design features
The process of combustion of non-solid fuel, and the formed gas as a result of its smoldering, is called pyrolysis. This is the thermal decomposition of inorganic and organic compounds, resulting in the formation of gas. An important difference from traditional combustion is the absence of an open flame. If this efficient home heating is used, a long burning stove is often called pyrolysis.
When choosing this heater, you must pay attention to the following parameters:
- Loading chamber volume... The larger it is, the longer the long-burning heating boiler will operate on one batch of fuel;
- Air supply mechanism... It can be an electric motor, or an air duct with a natural inflow of air masses. The latter is less efficient, however, such wood-fired heating boilers with long burning are completely independent of the availability of electricity;
- A method for regulating the intensity of smoldering fuel... For non-volatile structures, this is a mechanical thermostat that closes and opens the air supply door.Solid fuel heating boilers for long burning with an electronic control system react faster to changes in temperature in the combustion chamber.
Non-volatile structures can be made by hand. But this will require an accurate installation diagram, special materials and tools. An example of such a home-made boiler is the invention of a Lithuanian master - the Stropuva heating system.
The uniqueness of this installation lies in the patented telescopic air supply pipe, which lies on the wood. As they burn out, it sinks lower under the influence of gravity, creating an optimal flow of oxygen.
In practice, it is quite problematic to make a heating boiler using long-burning wood and solid fuel. Even a small error can cause a sharp drop in the efficiency of the entire installation.
Operational features of a long burning boiler
Despite the obvious advantages, each long-burning heating boiler running on wood has a number of specific characteristics. First of all, the low temperature regime of the heating system. Compared to the energy released by open combustion of fuel, wood gas has a lower energy content. Therefore, the temperature regime of such a system is 70/50 or 60/45 ° C.
Factory long-burning boilers for hot water heating are characterized by a good efficiency value - up to 80%. This is one of the highest rates for solid fuel heating equipment. However, at the same time, they have large overall dimensions, which is explained by the specifics of the design.
To select a solid fuel heating boiler for long burning, one should be guided by its rated power.
A simplified calculation is carried out using a simple ratio - 1 kW of boiler energy must be consumed per 10 m² of the heated room.
If a home-made heating stove for long burning on wood is being made, then you must first equip the foundation for its installation. The same applies to boilers with a large weight (from 400 kg). Moreover, the foundation should not be associated with the general.
Boiler manufacturers overview
Dakon boilers
Currently, there are several companies specializing in the manufacture of long-burning heating boilers. One of them is the Czech production association Dakon. The KP PYRO F model occupies a special place in the assortment.
Depending on the needs, the buyer can choose an analogue of a long-term combustion furnace for water heating with a capacity of 21, 26, 32 or 36 kW. A design feature is the use of modern insulating materials for the case. This ensures maximum efficiency as the energy is concentrated only on the heat exchanger.
In addition, the following characteristic features can be noted that the Dakon long-burning heating boilers on wood have:
- Convenient system for regulating the supply of air to the combustion chamber. To improve this characteristic, you can additionally install a fan;
- The ability to use large diameter firewood - up to 130 mm;
- Large frequency of ash removal - 5-7 days of continuous work. This model of long-burning boilers for water heating is designed for 12-15 hours of continuous operation on one tab of firewood.
The cost of the most popular model is 90-110 thousand rubles, depending on the capacity.
Boilers Stropuva
Heating boilers operating on solid fuel in the long-burning mode of this trademark were mentioned above. However, it is worth noting that the manufacturer in a short time from a small workshop was able to grow into a full-fledged supplier of solid fuel equipment.
The range includes small 7 kW models designed for summer cottages. For large areas, you can choose powerful equipment of 40 kW.When organizing home heating with this long-burning stove, you don't have to think about connecting electricity. All models are completely non-volatile.
However, consumers have noticed several disadvantages that are characteristic of heating boilers operating in a long-burning mode:
- Chimney pipe clogged with soot... The relatively low temperature contributes to the formation of soot on the inner surface of the chimney. Therefore, work on its removal must be carried out more often than with classic heating appliances;
- Wood moisture requirements... For normal heating of a long-burning stove connected to water heating, the moisture content of the wood should not exceed 20%.
But even taking into account these small disadvantages, the popularity of long-burning boilers is growing every year. When organizing heating using such heating devices, special attention is paid to pipes. The material of their manufacture must have a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity. This will help to reduce heat losses during the operation of the entire system.
For those who like to do everything with their own hands, a video about a self-made long-burning boiler will be useful:
