Description of the technical characteristics of heating components: radiators, pipes, pumps and boilers

How to correctly select all the components and elements of the heating system? You need to use the main rule of professionals - pre-calculate the optimal parameters. Based on this, the actual technical characteristics of heating systems are selected: radiators, pipes, pumps, boilers.

Why do you need to know the parameters of heating devices

For a simple layman, the technical characteristics of aluminum radiators, boilers and pumps are often just unnecessary information. But such an approach to the organization of heat supply can lead to disruption of its operation and an increase in the likelihood of breakdown.

Knowing the necessary technical characteristics of gas heating boilers, you can correctly choose the optimal model. But for this it is recommended to first calculate the parameters of the system. The entire preliminary process for the preparation of a complete heat supply should consist of the following stages:

1. Analysis of the condition of a house or apartment, determination of heat losses and the required temperature in each room. Do not forget that for outbuildings (garages, sheds, etc.), the technical characteristics of heating radiators may differ significantly from those for living rooms.
2. Determination of the optimal scheme - laying pipelines, the location of the boiler and batteries.
3. Calculation of the required heating power for each room and the entire residential building (apartment) as a whole. Based on these data, the technical characteristics of electric heating boilers or their gas and solid fuel counterparts are selected.
4. Analysis of offers on the market. The priority at this stage is the quality and requirements so that the technical characteristics of aluminum radiators for heating and other heat supply devices correspond to the calculated data.

This is a general scheme for organizing heat supply. Each of its points needs careful study and identification of all possible factors that can subsequently affect the performance of the entire system.

Some characteristics of steel radiators, boilers, pipes and pumps may differ from those stated. To avoid this, it is necessary to purchase products only from well-known and trusted manufacturers.

Characteristics of radiators and heating batteries

Which heating elements are the most important? First of all, these are radiators and batteries. It is these devices that are responsible for the high-quality transfer of heat energy from hot water to the air in the room. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account all the technical characteristics of the heating registers and their analogues.

The performance of batteries is a consequence of their technical data. So, the low weight of the radiator may indicate thin walls, which is not always acceptable. Especially for systems with a high pressure reading. Regardless of whether the calculation of the installation of heat supply is carried out independently or for this, specialists are involved - you need to know all the possible technical characteristics of cast-iron heating batteries, steel, aluminum and metal analogues.

For preliminary calculation of system parameters, it is recommended to use professional software systems. Some of them are free, but others require a deposit to use them.

Heat output, power

The defining parameter for any heating device is the heat output from its surface. This is the main technical characteristic of heating radiators, measured in watts. Depending on the specifics of the design, manufacturers indicate it either for one section or for the entire battery (panel).

In fact, heat output is the amount of energy that is transferred to the air in a room from hot water. The following parameters are taken into account for the calculation:

• Thermal operating mode of heating... Manufacturers in the technical characteristics of aluminum radiators often indicate the power for the 85/60 mode. However, in low-temperature operation, the nominal heat transfer of the batteries will be lower;
• Construction dimensions... There is a direct dependence of the radiator power on its surface area. When taking into account the technical characteristics of aluminum heating radiators, it is necessary to take into account not only their height and width, but also their depth;
• The volume of the coolant placed in the radiator... The more it is, the higher the heat output. But at the same time there is a rapid cooling of hot water, which must enter the subsequent heating devices along the main lines.

Power is the most important technical characteristic of heating radiators. It must be indicated in the technical passport for a specific model for several thermal modes of heat supply operation.

To increase the nominal heat transfer, you can install a reflective screen on the wall, and also repaint the battery in black. This will reduce heat loss.

Dimensions and center distances

The dimensions of the batteries are necessary not only for the preliminary calculation of the power, but also serve as the basis for choosing the place of installation of the heating components. This technical characteristic of the heating registers is also necessary for the correct connection.

Consider the main dimensional data of heating batteries:

• Height... It is counted from the bottom to the top of the device;
• Width... For sectional models, it is the sum of the width of each element. The dimensions of the connecting pipes between the sections must be taken into account;
• Depth;
• Center distance... This is the distance between the upper and lower channel for the coolant. Depending on the required technical characteristics of cast-iron radiators, the distance can be from 200 to 900 mm. This directly affects the overall height of the structure.

For correct installation of the radiator, it is necessary to take into account the minimum distances from its planes to the floor of the walls and the window sill. If the structure is installed end-to-end, then the technical parameters of the operation of aluminum heating batteries will significantly deteriorate.

In addition to this, you need to know the dimensions of the fasteners. After installing the battery, it must be firmly fixed. If the installation is performed incorrectly, there will be extraneous noise from vibration and the risk of breakage of the structure will increase.

The overall technical characteristics of aluminum heating radiators directly affect their weight. This is especially true for cast iron structures, which have the greatest weight among all heating devices.

Nominal pressure and water temperature

During the operation of a closed heating system, the water expands due to its heating. This is the reason for the high pressure in the pipes. Therefore, the technical characteristics of heating radiators must not be less than the critical value of the pressure in the system.

It should be borne in mind that in spite of the good performance characteristics of steel heat supply radiators, the likelihood of excessive short-term pressure is always possible. This phenomenon is called water hammer. Usually, the pressure value is 2-3 times higher than the critical one. For the right choice, you need to know the values ​​of the system parameters and recommendations for choosing certain models of radiators.

When analyzing the technical characteristics of heating registers for closed heating with forced circulation, the crimping pressure must be taken into account. It exceeds the optimal one by 1.25 times.

An additional characteristic of electric heating batteries is the power consumption.

Overview of boiler characteristics

A boiler is required to heat water in an autonomous heating system. Depending on the type of energy carrier used, you can choose models that run on solid fuel, diesel, gas (natural or bottled).

But in addition to this parameter, other, equally important technical characteristics of gas heating boilers must be taken into account. They must be indicated by the manufacturer in the technical passport. In the absence of this document, it is recommended to find a description of a similar model on the Internet:

• Power... Determines the amount of heat energy generated to raise the temperature of the water. Measured in watts;
• Number of contours... To a greater extent, this refers to the technical characteristics of gas heating boilers, which, in addition to heating the premises, provide hot water supply. The main indicators of the second circuit are the rate of water heating to the required level for a certain period of time - l / h;
• Efficiency - the ratio of the power of the consumed energy carrier to the generated heat energy. A good indicator is considered a value from 90% to 95%. For solid fuel and diesel models, the efficiency rarely exceeds 85%. The highest characteristics are observed in electric heating boilers.

All other functions, which include adjusting the degree of water heating, monitoring the operation of the device, remote control, are operational. They are specific to certain boiler models. However, in most cases they do not affect the above-described technical parameters.

The parameters of all boiler components must be taken into account. So, many gas and electric models are equipped with a circulation pump, an expansion tank and a safety group.

Heating circulation pump parameters

To increase the speed of movement of the coolant through the pipes, it is necessary to install pumps in the heating system. With their help, it is possible to change not only the thermal distribution over the radiators, but also to stabilize the thermal mode of operation. All technical characteristics of pumps for heating describe the parameters that affect these indicators.

Almost all models have standard dimensions. The only exceptions are coupled ones, in which the characteristics of circulation pumps for heating systems are significantly higher than others. To analyze their parameters, you need to know the following values:

• Nominal flow rate - l / h... Determines the volume of water that is pumped through the device in 1 hour. The higher this value, the greater the flow rate of the coolant in the system;
• Pressure... It characterizes the maximum hydraulic resistance that the pump can overcome. Measured in meters;
• Hydraulic losses... It is displayed in the form of a graph and indicates the value of the head loss depending on the water pressure flowing through it;
• Consumed electric current, W... This is not the most important technical characteristic of pumps for heating, since it rarely exceeds 300 W / h.

In addition to these characteristics of circulation pumps for heating, you need to know the diameter of the connected pipes, the rules for installing equipment in the system. These parameters must correspond to the calculated ones.

The technical data for heating circulation pumps indicates the critical voltage drop. If it is more than the actual one, it is necessary to additionally install a voltage stabilizer.

How to choose pipes - characteristics of highways

To create a closed heating circuit, it is necessary to install transport highways. Recently, polymer products have been used for this. It should be borne in mind that the technical characteristics of polyethylene pipes for heating are very different from their steel counterparts.

To complete an autonomous heat supply system, it is necessary to use special models of plastic highways. In their design there is an additional reinforcing layer that prevents deformation under the influence of hot water. It directly affects the technical characteristics of polypropylene pipes for heating:

• Maximum hot water heating... In the characteristics of polyethylene pipes, this value does not exceed + 85 ° C. Possible short-term temperature exposure up to + 90 ° С;
• System pressure... It can be up to 10 atm. If this parameter is higher, it is recommended to choose designs of the PN25 brand, in which the technical characteristics of the maximum pressure of polypropylene pipes for heating are at around 25 atm;
• Diameter - inner and outer... The wall thickness of the structure is also taken into account.

As with other components of heat supply, the technical parameters of polyethylene pipes for heating must be equal to the calculated ones. Even a small error can lead to an increased risk of burst or loss of heat energy when the heat carrier passes.

The video material shows an example of choosing a heating boiler: