An overview of modern methods of heating a private house: the choice of boilers, pipes and radiators, as well as alternative heat sources

How to improve the performance of the heating system and make its maintenance more comfortable for the owner of a private house. To solve this problem, it is necessary to know new trends and developments in the field of heat supply. All modern heating systems for a private house should not only be comfortable, but also have optimal performance.

Requirements for modern home heating

The purpose of any heat supply is to maintain a comfortable temperature level in the room. However, in addition to this, modern heating of a private house must meet a number of additional requirements.

First of all, this is maximum safety for those living in the house. Those. no heating element or its work should harm a person. This applies in particular to relatively new polymer materials of manufacture. Also, when choosing a system, you should consider the following factors:

• Economic expediency... It is important that the amount of received heat energy tends to a similar indicator of the consumed one. Modern heating of a private house should have an efficiency close to 100%;
• Minimum maintenance resources... Traditional heating schemes have several significant disadvantages - a large amount of soot (solid fuel boilers and stoves), the need for annual pipe cleaning, constant monitoring of the fuel volume and operating mode. Modern types of heating a private house almost completely exclude the influence of these factors on work;
• Maximum autonomy of work.

What should be done to meet these conditions as much as possible? To do this, it is recommended to study the proposals on the market for heating devices and circuits, choosing the optimal assembly for a particular house.

In most cases, it is economically more expedient to modernize an existing system than to make a completely new one.

Ways to improve heating performance

Modern boilers or pipes made of new materials are far from always the only factors in improving the parameters of the system. First, experts recommend conducting a comprehensive analysis of external and internal factors affecting the characteristics of heat supply.

The decisive one is to reduce the heat loss of the building. They directly affect the optimal power that modern heating without electricity or traditional type should have. However, ventilation norms should be taken into account - air exchange in each room must comply with the standards. Modern methods of heating a private house should not worsen the comfort of living.

Methods for optimizing the operation of the heating system can be conditionally divided into several types - the installation of boilers with a high coefficient of efficiency, the installation of pipes with reduced heat transfer and the use of batteries with a good heat transfer coefficient.

First, you need to calculate the feasibility of installing one or a new heating element.It is important that its operation actually improves the heating performance.

Modernization of the heating system

To improve the current parameters of the system, you can change a number of its components. Such an improvement will be carried out only after calculating the current characteristics and identifying "weak" points in the heating circuit.

The easiest way is to install an indirect heating tank (heat accumulator). Modern electric heating in conjunction with a multi-tariff meter will make it possible to reduce energy costs. It is important to correctly calculate the volume of the tank.

You can also make more global changes to the schema:

• Installation of collector piping... Relevant for houses with a large area;
• Replacing steel pipes with polymer pipes of a smaller diameter... This will make it possible to reduce the total volume of the coolant, which will entail savings on heating it;
• Installation of monitoring devices - programmers, thermostats, etc. These modern heating devices are designed to monitor the current parameters of the system and change its operating mode depending on the settings.

The installation of a new heating boiler will also significantly improve the performance. Modern gas models consume an order of magnitude less energy and have built-in control devices and safety groups. Often, modern methods of heating a country house provide for the installation of long-burning pyrolysis boilers running on fuel pellets or briquettes.

It is necessary to check in advance whether the new heating elements can be installed with the old ones. For example - in open heating, the installation of small diameter polypropylene pipes is impossible. They will not be able to provide natural circulation without installing a pump.

Alternative heating at home

The composition of modern heating of a private house should include new methods of obtaining thermal energy. Unlike standard ones, they have low energy consumption, but at the same time they are characterized by a small amount of heat generated.

As a source of thermal energy, you can use solar radiation or soil heating of the coolant. It all depends on climatic conditions, site area and financial capabilities:

• Geothermal heating... Works on the principle of temperature differences between different soil layers. To organize the system, high costs and special equipment will be required - a heat pump;
• solar collector... This is a type of modern heating without electricity. Directly depends on the intensity of solar radiation in a particular region. In summer it can be used as a hot water supply.

Often these systems are installed as auxiliary systems to reduce heating costs. Each of them requires a detailed calculation to determine the feasibility of purchasing and installing. Thus, a complex geothermal installation for a house with an area of ​​150 m² will cost about 700 thousand rubles.

To complete alternative systems, it is recommended to use modern polymer heating pipes. They have increased thermal insulation and are easy to install.

Boilers

The focal point of any classic heating scheme is the boiler. The parameters of heat supply largely depend on its functionality. So, modern electric boilers for heating a house can take up little space and at the same time generate the optimal amount of thermal energy.

Rather stringent requirements are imposed on heating equipment of this type. It should be as safe as possible in operation, the technical characteristics should correspond to existing standards, and the control should have a clear-intuitive interface.

Electric heating boilers

The installation of electrical heating devices is relevant if the area of ​​the room is relatively small or there is no main gas supply. In practice, for the organization of modern electric heating, it is possible to use not only boilers of a classical design with heating elements, but also new models that have a different principle of operation.

The principle of operation of the electrode boiler is to create the movement of the electrodes in the cathode-anode pair. This leads to heating of the water and an increase in pressure. As a result, the circulation of the coolant occurs. In modern electrode-type heating boilers, in addition to the heating zone, there is a control unit, and it is also possible to connect to a programmer.

To obtain more heat, an induction boiler can be installed. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction that occurs between the core and the winding. For safety reasons, the coil and core are completely insulated from contact with water.

These modern types of electric heating of a private house have several features. The main one is low inertia - water is heated very quickly. However, in addition to this, the following operating features must be taken into account:

• Current heating costs. Heating the coolant using electrical appliances is considered the most costly;
• Purchase and installation of additional elements - expansion tank, circulation pump, security group;
• Electrode boilers have special requirements for the coolant. It must contain a relatively large amount of salts to support the electrolysis reaction.

But despite these factors, electric heating has found wide application in buildings with no gas mains. Another advantage is the possibility of organizing separate air heating circuits in each room.

During the installation of electric boilers, the installation of an RCD is required. It is also recommended to run a separate wiring line.

Gas condensing heating boilers

One of the modern methods of heating a private house is the installation of gas condensing boilers. Outwardly, they practically do not differ from traditional ones. The difference lies in the optional internal heat exchanger.

The essence of the innovative addition is the use of thermal energy from combustion products. The relatively complex internal chimney network reduces the temperature of carbon monoxide gases to a dew point on the auxiliary heat exchanger. It is connected to the heating return pipe. As a result, the water in it heats up due to the effect of hot condensation.

According to the manufacturer's assurances, this modern heating device may have an efficiency higher than 100%. In practice, it reaches 99%, which is a record for heating cats. But for the correct choice of a particular model, the following factors should be taken into account:

• The resulting condensate must not be discharged into the sewer system. It must be kept in an airtight container;
• For each boiler model of this type, there is a recommended operating temperature, at which condensate forms on the surface of the secondary heat exchanger;
• High cost of equipment.

Since this modern method of heating a private house provides for a low-temperature mode of operation, it is recommended to increase the areas of radiators and batteries. This entails additional costs for the purchase of system components.

In low-temperature gas boilers, plastic chimneys can be used, since the degree of heating of carbon monoxide gases will be low - up to + 60 ° C.

Solid fuel boilers for long burning

Long-burning boilers are an alternative to modern stove heating of a private house.Unlike traditional models, the heating of the coolant does not occur due to the combustion of fuel, but as a result of the ignition of wood or coal gases.

To do this, the flow of air into the combustion chamber is limited, which entails smoldering of solid fuel. The emitted gases pass through the channels to the afterburning zone, where oxygen is pumped with the help of a fan or a turbine. As a result, the gas mixture ignites, releasing a large amount of thermal energy.

The advantages of this modern method of heating a private house are:

• Economical fuel consumption;
• Long operating time with one load of wood or coal;
• The ability to adjust the degree of heating of the coolant using the intensity of the fan.

One of the disadvantages of this modern heating without electricity is the low temperature of carbon monoxide gases. This leads to the formation of condensation on the chimney. Therefore, all long-burning boilers must be equipped with a heat-insulated chimney system.

The cost of all the above heating boilers differs depending on the manufacturer and the specific power.

A feature of the operation of long-term combustion boilers is a large amount of soot in the combustion chamber and on the heat exchanger. Therefore, they need to be cleaned more often than with classic models.

Heating a house without electricity

But what if the installation of modern electric boilers for heating the house is impractical, and there is no gas main in the house? Alternatively, you can improve your stove or fireplace heating system. For this, it is necessary to install a system of air ducts connected to the furnace heat exchanger.

Modern stove or fireplace heating of a private house with additional air ducts uses all the energy from fuel combustion. For proper organization, it is necessary to think over the piping system. Most often they are located at the top, hidden by a decorative ceiling. To control the power of the hot air flow, deflectors must be installed in each room.

In addition, you should know the features of the configuration that are characteristic only of this modern method of heating a country cottage:

• For normal ventilation, an outdoor air intake duct should be installed. To avoid dust entering the system, filters are installed;
• It is possible to improve the circulation of flows using fans or turbines. They are also part of modern electric heating of the house, if additional electric heating elements are installed;
• Mandatory tightness of the heat exchanger. Under no circumstances should carbon monoxide get into the air ducts.

If we analyze the cost of the arrangement, then the stove or fireplace types of heating a private house will be an order of magnitude more expensive than traditional methods of heating the air. However, the simplest scheme may include only air channels without a filtration system and forced circulation of hot air streams.

If the heating system does not have an air flow channel from the street, ventilation should be provided in the house. It can be forced or natural.

Radiators and heating pipes

In addition to modern heating boilers, pipes and radiators are equally important components. They are necessary for the efficient transfer of heat energy to the indoor air. During the design of the system, it is necessary to solve two problems - to reduce heat losses during the transportation of the coolant through pipes and to improve the heat transfer of the batteries.

Any modern heating radiators should not only have good heat transfer rates, but also a design that is convenient for repair and maintenance.The same applies to pipelines. Their installation should not be difficult. Ideally, the installation can be carried out by the owner of the house himself without the use of expensive equipment.

Modern heating radiators

To increase heat transfer, aluminum is increasingly used as the main material for manufacturing batteries. It has good thermal conductivity, and casting or welding technology can be used to obtain the desired shape.

But it must be borne in mind that aluminum is very sensitive to water. Modern cast-iron heating radiators are devoid of this drawback, although they have less energy consumption. To solve this problem, a new design of batteries has been developed, in which the water channels are made of steel or copper pipes.

These modern pipes for heating are practically corrosion-free, having minimal dimensions and wall thickness. The latter is necessary for efficient heat transfer of energy from hot water to aluminum. Modern radiators have several advantages, which are as follows:

• Long service life - up to 40 years. However, it depends on the working conditions and the timely execution of the system cleaning;
• Choice of connection method - top, bottom or side;
• The package may include a Mayevsky crane and a thermostat.

In most cases, models of modern cast-iron heating radiators are made designer. They have classic shapes, some of them are made in a floor version with elements of artistic forging.

The efficiency of a radiator depends on correct installation and connection method. This must be taken into account when installing the system.

Modern heating pipes

The choice of modern heating pipes largely depends on the material of their manufacture. Currently, most often used are polymer lines made of polypropylene or cross-linked polyethylene. They have an additional reinforcing layer of aluminum foil or fiberglass.

However, they have one significant drawback - a relatively low threshold for temperature exposure up to + 90 ° C. This entails a large thermal expansion and, as a result, damage to the pipeline. An alternative to polymer pipes can be products from other materials:

• Copper... In terms of functionality, copper pipes meet all the requirements for a heating system. They are easy to install, practically do not change their shape even at extremely high temperatures of the coolant. Even when the water freezes, the walls of the copper lines will expand without damage. The disadvantage is the high cost;
• Stainless steel... It does not rust, its inner surface has a minimum roughness coefficient. The disadvantages include cost and labor-intensive installation.

How to choose the right set of modern heating systems? To do this, you need to take an integrated approach - to make the correct calculation of the system and, according to the data obtained, select a boiler, pipes and radiators with the appropriate performance characteristics.

The video shows an example of modern home heating using a floor heating system: