To organize heat supply for a house with a small area, various options can be considered. One of them is the installation of heating according to the Leningradka scheme. Its peculiarity lies in the ease of installation and the minimum set of required materials. But for this you need to know the specifics of heating a private house in Leningradka with your own hands: schemes and calculation of the necessary parameters.
Features of the heating system Leningradka
This system got its name from the city where it was first applied. Its development was due to the need to create a simple and cheap heat supply. It is because of these qualities that home heating in Leningradka has not lost its relevance to this day.
In fact, this is an example of a classic one-pipe heat supply system. The coolant moves from the boiler along one line, to which radiators are connected in series. The absence of a return pipe allows the installation of the Leningradka heating system in rooms with a small area. This fact makes the system more than attractive for country houses and summer cottages. But before choosing such a heat supply scheme, it is necessary to analyze its "pros" and "cons".
The distribution of heating in Leningradka has one significant drawback - a decrease in the temperature of hot water as it moves. This is due to the fact that heat transfer occurs during sequential passage through the radiators. Those. heating Leningradka in a private house with your own hands in any case will have an uneven heat distribution. The farther the radiators are from the heating boiler, the lower their temperature.
In addition to this factor, it should be noted such features that steam heating Leningradka has:
- It is difficult to expand the coverage area of heat supply... To do this, the duration of the closed heating circuit must be increased. In fact, you will have to completely leave work for a long time. Otherwise, the one-pipe heating system of Leningradka cannot be modernized;
- Adjusting the degree of heating of radiators... In two-pipe systems, this problem was solved by installing a thermostat. Correct connection of heating radiators in Leningradka should provide for the installation of bypasses. Only with their help it is possible to reduce or increase the flow of coolant into the battery without reducing the parameters of the entire system;
- Low maintainability... If a pipe section or a radiator fails, their replacement or repair can be carried out only after a complete shutdown of the heat supply. The classic scheme of water heating in Leningradka does not provide for partial limitation of the flow of hot water in certain areas.
But all these disadvantages are neutralized by the main advantage, thanks to which the Leningradka heating system for a two-story house is still popular - low cost. Together with the ease of installation, it is perhaps the only option for budget heating at home. But for its implementation, you will need to carefully study the possible options for arrangement. The scheme of a one-pipe heating system in Leningradka is not one - you can always choose the most optimal one.
Many reviews about heating Leningradka indicate a possible modernization of the system into a two-pipe system. To do this, it is enough to conduct a return line and connect radiators to it.
Types of piping in heating Leningradka
The correct drawing up of a home heating scheme in Leningradka begins with the choice of piping. This directly depends on the initial parameters of the system, its type and the way of circulation of the coolant.
First of all, the total area of heat supply and the number of storeys of the building are determined. The distribution of highways in a one-pipe heating system Leningradka should solve the only problem - to ensure the delivery of the coolant to the radiators. They, in turn, provide the room with heat.
To solve this problem, it is necessary that the cooling rate of hot water is minimal. That is why it is necessary to take into account not only the total area of the house, but also its number of storeys.
The choice of installation of the Leningradka heating system can be made from the following options:
- Vertical pipe routing... This scheme is applicable for two-story houses. In fact, the building will have several risers that will connect to a common pipe located at the highest points of the system. Do-it-yourself installation of such heating in Leningradka in a private house is laborious, since it is necessary to pass pipes through the floor;
- Horizontal piping... For installation according to this scheme of water heating in Leningradka, much less effort will be required. But the absence of a vertical booster riser affects the speed of movement of the coolant. Therefore, the Leningradka heating system with a pump is often found.
Another advantage of horizontal heating distribution in Leningradka is the possibility of concealed installation of highways in the floor. In a vertical scheme, this is almost impossible, since you will have to make grooves on the load-bearing wall of the house, which is a gross violation of the norms.
The diameter of the pipes does not depend on the selected pipe routing scheme. The defining indicator is the type of heating - with forced or natural circulation.
Open heating Leningradka
Initially, the schemes of the one-pipe heating system in Leningradka were developed for an open type of heat supply with natural circulation. This approach allows you to make a completely non-volatile heat supply system without the obligatory connection to the power grid. The only exception can be the used boiler.
For this scheme of steam heating, Leningradka is characterized by high inertia. The movement of the coolant through the pipes directly depends on the degree of its thermal expansion. Basically, this process takes place in the accelerating vertical drain, which is connected immediately after the boiler. This circumstance determines the use of vertical piping for the gravitational heating system of Leningradka for a two-story house.
An important point is the correct selection of pipes and materials for their manufacture. It is recommended to do the calculation of the Leningradka heating system with your own hands according to the standard scheme. First, the heat losses of the building are determined, then a boiler with the appropriate power is selected. To minimize hydraulic losses, which will significantly affect the speed of movement of the coolant, you should calculate the Leningradka heating system with your own hands using special programs.
But besides this, attention is paid to such aspects of the organization of open-type one-pipe heating with natural circulation:
- Booster riser height... It should be at least 2.2 m. This problem is not essential for the installation of the Leningradka heat supply system for a two-story house;
- Pipe diameter... For heating with natural circulation, it is best to use pipes of large diameter - from 32 to 40 mm.It is also recommended to install polymer lines due to their smooth inner surface;
- Maximum length of pipelines... It can be no more than 30 m. Otherwise, even with an ideal connection of heating radiators in Leningradka, the speed of hot water movement will significantly decrease and a thermal imbalance of the system will occur;
- Boiler installation requirements... For the heating supply to work properly, the boiler must be below the level of the radiators. This is necessary to create a proper indicator of the pressure of the cooled coolant with a higher specific density on the hot one. As a result, the natural circulation of water will improve.
If, for a number of reasons, it will be problematic to implement such a water heat supply scheme in Leningradka, you can add a circulation pump to the system. This will allow not to make the required slope of the pipes, ensure the normal speed of movement of hot water and stabilize the heat distribution.
The expansion tank in the Leningradka heating system with a pump should be located at the highest point. In addition to the function of compensating for the thermal expansion of water, it can be used to control the level of the coolant, as well as to fill the system.
Closed heating Leningradka
To install home heat supply in Leningradka in a one-story house or apartment, it is best to use closed heating circuits. They differ from the gravitational obligatory installation of the circulation pump. But besides this factor, there are other distinctive features.
The main advantage of the closed heating distribution system in Leningradka is the absence of a booster riser. This makes it possible to install horizontal lines without taking into account their slope. This technique allows you to improve the circulation of water in the system, to increase its reliability and efficiency indicator. In addition to these factors, in the reviews about the heating of Leningradka, a lower consumption of pipelines is noted. This significantly affects the cost of the entire project.
The principle of operation of the closed circuit of water heat supply in Leningradka differs from the open one. In it, the speed of movement of the coolant is practically not affected by its thermal expansion. The pump provides the correct level of circulation. Experts recommend paying attention to the following features of the Leningradka heat supply system with a pump:
- Increasing the rate of heating the air in the room... This is due to the fact that warm water begins its circulation through the pipes even before reaching the highest temperature. Thus, the inertia of the system is reduced;
- Increased reliability... The absence of direct contact of water with air reduces the percentage of oxygen in the coolant. This has a beneficial effect on the reliability and uptime of the metal components of the system;
- Possibility to install small diameter pipes... For the installation of heat supply in Leningradka in a private house, pipes with a diameter of 16 to 30 mm are used with their own hands. This practically does not affect the speed of the coolant and hydraulic losses;
- Possibility of concealed installation of pipelines... For this, you do not need to make mounting grooves in the walls - it is enough to lay the lines under the floor. But at the same time, it is necessary to provide for the connection of radiators to heating to Leningradka. In addition, to control the operation of the system, inspection hatches are made at the branching points of the pipelines.
To complete a closed-type one-pipe heat supply system in Leningradka, an expansion tank, a safety group and pressure and temperature control devices are required.
The scheme of the one-pipe heat supply system in Leningradka provides for the installation of bypasses on heating radiators. They are necessary to regulate the heat transfer of the batteries, and also allow you to repair or replace this element without stopping the entire system.
Tips for installing heating Leningradka
The installation diagram of the Leningradka heating system directly depends on the selected type and accessories. The most difficult is the installation of open-type gravitational heat supply. For him, you must fulfill a number of prerequisites.
First of all, an accurate plan for the location of all devices is drawn up. It also indicates the parameters of the components - dimensions, installation methods, etc.
All the characteristics of the Leningradka heating system are preliminarily calculated - the temperature regime of operation, the speed of movement of the coolant.
These data are decisive in drawing up a heat supply scheme. Only after this preliminary stage can you proceed with the installation.
During installation, special attention should be paid to the following nuances:
- Mandatory slope of pipelines... It is carried out from the booster riser towards the radiators and from the last battery to the boiler. The slope of the pipes should be 1 cm per meter;
- Expansion tank installation... It is located at the top of the system, after the booster riser. Its volume for a 24 kW boiler should be 15 liters;
- Installation of pipelines in a two-story house... To comply with safety measures when the highway passes through the floors, it is necessary to additionally install sleeves. They will protect the walls and ceiling from direct contact with the hot pipe;
- Installation of a bypass in the radiator piping... Their benefits have been detailed above. This simple element will improve the reliability and comfort of the Leningradka heating system.
When drawing up a heating piping diagram, it is recommended to avoid a sharp difference in height. This can lead to an increase in hydraulic resistance, and will also cause air locks.
For a visual acquaintance with the Leningradka heating system, it is recommended to watch the content of the following video:
