The technology for designing and installing a heating system in a wooden house differs from standard schemes. This is due to the building material and its performance. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the features of the heating system in a wooden house: arrangement of pipes, the choice of boilers and stoves.
Rules for organizing heating in a wooden house
Professional installation of heating in a wooden house begins with the choice of a scheme and its adaptation to the parameters of a particular structure. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the structure without fail.
The main selection criterion is the safety of the heat supply system. Correct routing of heating pipes in a wooden house should not deteriorate the quality of the structure, as well as lead to dangerous situations.
To avoid this, the following important points are taken into account when drafting and installing heat supply:
- Installation of expansion joints and sliding mounts... The average shrinkage rate of a log house can be 5%. This will change the position of pipes and radiators. Therefore, the diagram of the heating systems of a wooden house must be adapted to this phenomenon;
- Installing feedthrough sleeves... The contact of pipes and batteries with a wooden surface is strictly prohibited. This can lead to zonal expansion and deformation of walls and floors. Heating pipes in a wooden floor must be guided through the joists using special steel sleeves;
- Arrangement of a safe chimney... The temperature of volatile combustion products can reach + 700 ° C. The correct calculation of heating in a wooden house must take into account the appropriate insulation of the chimney at the points of contact with the wall or when it passes through the floors.
Experts recommend that you familiarize yourself with the current SNiPs, with the help of which you can make safe and efficient heating in a wooden house with your own hands. The main ones for study are SNiP 41.01-2003, SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 and SNiP 23.01-99. They set out the requirements for the thermal insulation of a house, the choice of heating systems and the optimal parameters of its operation - temperature regime, pressure and heat distribution.
Heating radiators for a wooden house are no different from standard ones. It is important to choose the correct installation scheme to prevent direct contact of the heater with the wall or floor.
Options for choosing heating in a wooden house
All types of heat supply can be used in a wooden house. But first, you need to analyze all the factors influencing the choice. Often, heating options for a wooden house directly depend on several of them.
The primary task is to determine the optimal energy carrier. It can be solid fuel, gas, electricity or diesel fuel. It all depends on the cost and the possibility of constant supply.
You cannot do the installation of heating in a wooden house with your own hands without the following preliminary stages of analysis:
- Fuel selection;
- Heat generation equipment: boiler, convector (gas, electric), foil heating;
- Development of the layout of heating devices... The heat distribution throughout the house will depend on this;
- Analysis of fixed costs for heat supply... The best option is gas heating in a wooden house. But at the same time, the complex preparatory stage of registration of permits is taken into account.
If there is a connection to the gas main, the choice stops on this type of fuel. If it is possible to purchase cheap (and high-quality) diesel fuel, they make water heating of a wooden house with a boiler (or burner) of this type. The total area of the building and the degree of its insulation are also taken into account.
In practice, the choice of heating options for a wooden house depends on financial capabilities. Therefore, you should first draw up an optimal budget for organizing heat supply in the building.
Gas heating in a wooden house
The installation of any gas-fired heating equipment should only be carried out by specialists. This is especially true for the arrangement of heat supply in wooden houses. There are several possible ways to implement gas heating in a wooden house.
The most common heating method is by installing batteries and radiators. They are connected to a gas boiler. There are two types of equipment, depending on the type of fuel used:
- Using main (natural) gas... To install heating in a wooden house, you must connect to the gas main. For this, a project is drawn up, the basis of which is the terms of reference from the management company;
- Application bulk (liquefied) gas... For storage, use special cylinders with a capacity of 10 to 50 liters. The cost of storing and delivering fuel can be minimized by installing a special storage facility - a gas holder.
In a typical scheme of heating systems for a wooden house using gas, it is envisaged to install pipelines that are connected to batteries. Recently, however, the warm floor system is gaining great popularity. In this case, heating pipes are installed in a wooden floor. This scheme is characterized by a greater length of the mains as a result - increased heat transfer.
In buildings with a small area, you can consider installing gas convectors. At the same time, there is no need to lay out heating pipes in a wooden house, to mount radiators and boilers. The main heat source is a gas-type convector.
It is installed in every room of the house. To connect gas, you need to make a supply line.
The features of installing heating in a wooden house with your own hands are the following factors:
- The installation of the coaxial pipe is done only with a safety sleeve. It protects the outer walls of the house from temperature effects;
- To ensure safety, the correct material for the manufacture of pipelines should be selected. They must be designed to transport gas;
- It is possible to improve the heat exchange in the room with a fan installed next to the convector. Currently, there are models that come with a fan.
The main advantage of do-it-yourself converter heating in a wooden house is ease of installation and maintenance. But compared to a gas boiler, fuel consumption will be 20-25% higher.
When calculating heating in a wooden house, it is recommended to organize storage of gas cylinders in steel cabinets. The arrangement of a separate room will require a lot of time and expense.
Solid fuel boiler in the heating of a wooden house
The rules for the design and installation of solid fuel water heating of a wooden house are practically no different from gas ones. The exceptions are recommendations for the arrangement of the boiler room.The large dimensions of solid fuel boilers and the heating of their surfaces determine special requirements for the boiler room.
Before installing heat supply in a wooden house with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of this room:
- Minimum area the boiler room should be 7 m². This is necessary for carrying out repair and maintenance work;
- Non-combustible finishing materials... The boiler must not be placed on a wooden floor. As protection, you can use a sheet of stainless steel;
- Forced ventilation... The cross-section of the ventilation duct is calculated from the ratio of 8 cm² per 1 kW of boiler power;
- Natural and artificial lighting;
- Minimum chimney height - 5 m. The number of bends should not exceed 3.
All radiators for a wooden house are installed according to the rules. The minimum distance from the walls should be 3 cm. To reflect heat on the wall, it is recommended to install a foam sheet.
Without fail, in the schemes of heat supply systems for a wooden house, it is provided for the installation of protective components - an air vent, a drain valve, an expansion tank.
Electric heating of a wooden house
It is not always possible to install a solid fuel boiler or connect to a gas main. In this case, electric heating of a wooden house is chosen. To do this, you can install water heat supply with an electric boiler or consider a more economical option - film heating.
In this case, you do not need to install heating batteries for a wooden house. In film heating, objects are heated, not air. Conductive carbon strips are applied to the polymer surface.
With the passage of an electric current, radiation with a wavelength of 10-15 microns is generated. When it hits the surface of objects, the temperature rises.
The main advantages of electric film heating of a wooden house are:
- Economical energy consumption... This is due to the rated power of the PLEN up to 200 W / m²;
- Low inertia... Unlike gas heating in a wooden house, the temperature rises quickly. However, after first installation, the system must first stabilize;
- Small area occupied by PLEN. This is important for the electric heat supply of country wooden houses or cottages;
- Does not affect the humidity in the house... To maintain an optimal indoor climate, this option for heating a wooden building is considered the most optimal.
However, for PLEN it is necessary to ensure an uninterrupted supply of electricity. In the event of a power outage, it will not work. Therefore, PLEN are often made as an alternative system together with water heating of a wooden house.
For normal operation of film heating, the total area of film coverage should be 70% or more relative to the area of the ceiling or floor.
Stove and air heating in the house
Despite all the advantages of the above methods of heating air in log cabins, stove heating is still relevant. It is distinguished by a large indicator of labor intensity when installing heating in a wooden house, as well as a low efficiency.
To install this type of heat supply, you will need to arrange a separate foundation. It is best to erect it during the construction phase of the building. If you plan to install a steel (cast iron) furnace, you can skip it. A significant drawback of stove heating in a do-it-yourself wooden house is the small heating area. To solve this problem, you can think over a hot air circulation system throughout all rooms or make air heating in a wooden house.
A special heat exchanger is installed in the stove or fireplace, in which the air is heated. It enters the living quarters of the building through pipelines. Most often, the highways are located on the ceiling, but options for installing a heat supply pipe in a wooden floor are possible. It all depends on the design of the oven.
Features of air stove heating in a wooden house:
- Protection of the floor and walls in the area where the stove is installed;
- It is recommended to install a fireplace or stove in the center of the house so that the heat from it is evenly distributed throughout all rooms;
- Before installing the steel structure, it is recommended to make the base from a concrete screed or brick.
Instead of heating radiators for a wooden house, louvered grilles are used in the air system. By changing the angle of inclination of the lamellas, you can adjust the volume of hot air flow into the room. To minimize losses during the movement of air masses, the distribution of heat supply pipes in a wooden house is done with a minimum of turning parts.
For storage of firewood or coal, you must use a separate room or structure. Fuel should not be in the same room as the stove.
Chimneys in a wooden house
When designing heat supply, special attention should be paid to the combustion products removal system. This function is performed by the chimney, which runs from the boiler (stove) to the roof.
To calculate the parameters of the chimney, you need to know the approximate temperature of carbon monoxide gases. It is not constant and varies depending on the type of fuel used and the design of the boiler.
For stoves and solid fuel boilers, it is recommended to use brick chimneys or sandwich pipes. If gas heating is planned in a wooden house, you can install a coaxial chimney. But in any case, it is necessary to insulate the structure to prevent the appearance of condensation. Most often, basalt or mineral wool is used for this.
| Boiler type (stove, fireplace) | Carbon monoxide temperature, + ° С |
| Stove, fireplace. Fuel - firewood | 350-650 |
| Sauna stove | 400-700 |
| Pyrolysis boiler | 160-250 |
| Pellet boiler | 120-250 |
| Diesel fired boiler | 150-250 |
| A gas boiler | 120-200 |
| Solid fuel boiler | 500-700 |
When independently arranging a chimney system, the following rules should be followed:
- For brick chimneys, a separate foundation is most often required. The seam thickness should not exceed 10 mm;
- The minimum distance from the chimney to a wooden wall is 25 cm;
- Forced ventilation is installed in the room;
- When the chimney passes through the floors, mounting sleeves are installed. To compensate for thermal radiation, there must be a layer of asbestos between them and the wooden surfaces;
- The height of the pipe above the roof must be 500 mm;
- The minimum thickness of stainless steel chimneys is 1 mm.
To improve the traction indicator, a deflector is installed. In addition to preventing precipitation from entering the chimney, it helps to stabilize air movement, which is important for the normal operation of a boiler or stove. For stove heating, you can make a brick wall, in which complex-shaped chimney channels are equipped. This contributes to better heating of the wooden house and increases the heating efficiency.
The video shows an example of heating a wooden house with a boiler:
