Incoming payment receipts for heat supply services are often baffled by their large amounts to be paid. In practice, it is very difficult to check the relevance of these figures, since each management company develops individual tariffs for the population. In this case, you need to know how payment for heating is carried out: the procedure for calculation and calculation.
- Legislative basis for calculating heating
- District heating - calculation options
- Calculation of heating with a general house meter
- Calculation of heating with a general house meter and individual metering devices
- How to reduce operating costs for heat supply
- Questions about payment for heating services
- Year-round or seasonal payment for heating services
- Payment for gas and electric heating
Legislative basis for calculating heating
First of all, you need to find out on what grounds the calculations for heat supply are performed. To do this, you should study the law on payment for heating. Its last revision is No. 354 dated 06/05/2011. Its clauses describe in detail the procedure for calculating payment.
Compared to the old version, the procedure for calculating amounts for the services provided, as well as the forms of concluding an agreement and receipts, have undergone changes. The consumer, before calculating the additional payment for heating, needs to find out the type of arrangement of his residential building:
- A common house metering device for the consumed heat energy has been installed, but there are none in the apartments;
- Along with the general house meter, an individual energy meter is installed in the apartment;
- There are no devices for controlling the amount of consumed thermal energy in the house.
Only after that you can find out how the payment for heating is calculated. In addition, according to Decree No. 354, payment for consumed heat energy is divided into two types - for a specific living space and as general household needs. The latter include heating staircases, basements and attics of buildings. Therefore, before calculating the payment for heating, you should ask the management company for the total area of these premises, as well as the tariff for maintaining the required temperature level in them.
The same information should be displayed in the receipts received - there will be 2 points for payment, which will give the total amount. Typically, the rates of payment for heating non-residential premises are higher than residential ones. But when dividing the total amount for all apartments in the house, their bleeding in the receipt decreases.
Since the payment for heating residential and non-residential premises is considered, it is necessary that this information be spelled out in the contract with the management company.
District heating - calculation options
Currently, there are no uniform tariffs according to which the payment of housing and communal services for heating would be carried out. Instead, there are recommendations and rules for the formation of the cost of services by management companies responsible for heating residential buildings. The calculation method directly depends on the thermal energy meters installed in the house or apartment.
In addition, the size of the amount is influenced by the climatic features of the region, the degree of wear and tear of equipment, as well as the thermal insulation of the house. These factors are taken into account when maintaining the desired temperature level in residential and non-residential premises of the building.
| Room type | Air heating level, ° С | |
| Optimal | Critical | |
| Room | 20 to 22 | 18 to 24 |
| Toilet and kitchen | 19 to 21 | 18 to 26 |
| Bathroom | 24 to 26 | 18 to 26 |
| Corridor | 18 to 20 | 16 to 22 |
| Staircase | 16 to 18 | 14 to 20 |
Those. the lower the efficiency of the system, the higher will be the payment for heating all year round. Let's consider the main options for calculating the cost of heat supply services according to the latest methods regulated at the legislative level.
In some cases, several heating pipes can pass through one apartment. Installing a counter for each of them is a costly undertaking. Then it is best to install a common house heat meter.
Calculation of heating with a general house meter
If a thermal energy meter is installed in the house, the management company is obliged to perform calculations according to a certain formula. In this case, the procedure for calculating payment for heating should consist of several points.
First of all, it is necessary to agree on the total area of the building and the specific apartment for which the calculation is performed. Then the following actions are performed:
- Reconciliation of the readings of the general house meter at the beginning and end of the payment period. The difference will be the total energy consumption of the house. Thus, you can correctly calculate the payment for heating an apartment or non-residential premises;
- Calculate the ratio of the total area of an apartment to the same indicator for a house;
- Find out the tariff for payment of heat energy from the management company.
Further calculation of payment for heating is carried out according to the following formula:
P = V * (Tk / Td) * K
Where R - the planned amount to be paid,V - the volume of heat energy consumed for the period,TC and Td - the area of the apartment and house,TO - the tariff for heating the apartment.
As an example, you can calculate the payment for heating for an apartment with a total area of 43 m², located in a building with 7000 m². The total heat consumption was 85 Gcal. For Voronezh, the average tariff is 1,371 rubles / Gcal. Then, according to the standards of payment for heating, the total amount will be:
P = 85 * (43/7000) * 1371 = 715 rubles.
But besides this, a system of standards for payment for heating was introduced. It is used in the absence of individual heat meters. The average W norm for residential premises currently ranges from 0.022 to 0.03 Gcal / m² per month. Then the calculation to calculate the payment for heating is necessary according to the following formula:
P = Tk * W * K
Suppose the W value is 0.027. In this case, the payment will be:
P = 43 * 0.027 * 1371 = 1591 rubles.
It is according to this formula that all management companies prefer to make calculations.
When drawing up a contract for heat supply, it is necessary to check the calculation methodology. In practice, management companies do not always provide it.
Calculation of heating with a general house meter and individual metering devices
The situation is much easier when there is a heat meter in the apartment. In this case, you just need to multiply the meter readings by the tariff of the management company.
Considering that different interpretations of the law on payment for heating are possible - special attention should be paid to tariffs. The difference in prices between different providers of this service can be up to 30%. And even if the payment for heating is made according to an individual meter, a high tariff can nullify all attempts to save on current costs.
But in practice, the consumer does not have the option of choosing a management company. This is especially true for apartment buildings. Therefore, when a verification calculation of heating payment is made using an individual heat metering device, current tariffs have to be applied.
However, in addition to the cost of the service for energy consumption in residential premises, it is necessary to take into account the costs of general house heating. First, the amount of heat energy spent on this type of heat supply is calculated. To do this, you need to use the formula:
V = N * S * (Tc / Td)
Where V - the share of the owner of the apartment to pay for general heating,N - consumption standards for payment for general heating,S - the total area of premises belonging to this category,TC and Td - the area of the apartment and house.
At present, the N index is 0.016 Gcal / m². For an example of calculating payment for general house heating, we can assume that the area of non-residential premises in a house is 500 m². Then the owner of the apartment must pay the following heat consumption for heating them:
V = 0.06 * 500 (43/7000) = 0.18 Gcal
Then you need to multiply the result by the tariff from the service provider. In most cases, in the total calculation of payment for heating, this part takes from 5% to 15%.
To reduce the total building costs, it is recommended to install a general heating meter. Thanks to this, it is possible to reduce the operating costs of heating from 15% to 30%.
How to reduce operating costs for heat supply
Taking into account the constantly increasing tariffs for housing and communal services for heat supply, the issue of reducing these costs becomes more urgent every year. The problem of reducing costs lies in the specifics of the centralized system.
How to reduce heating bills and at the same time ensure the proper level of heating in the premises? First of all, you need to understand that the usual effective ways to reduce heat losses do not work for district heating. Those. if the facade of the house was insulated, the window structures were replaced with new ones, the amount of payment will remain the same.
The only way to reduce heating costs is to install individual heat meters. However, you may encounter the following problems:
- A large number of heating pipes in the apartment. Currently, the average cost of installing a heating meter ranges from 18 to 25 thousand rubles. In order for the calculations of the cost of heating by an individual device to be carried out, they must be installed on each riser;
- Difficulty in obtaining permission to install a meter. To do this, it is necessary to obtain technical conditions and, on their basis, select the optimal model of the device;
- In order to make timely payment for heat supply according to an individual meter, it is necessary to periodically send them for verification. For this, the dismantling and subsequent installation of the verified device is carried out. This also entails additional costs.
But despite these factors, the installation of a heat meter will ultimately lead to a significant reduction in payments for heat supply services. If the house has a circuit with several heat risers passing through each apartment, you can install a general house meter. In this case, the cost savings will not be as significant.
When calculating the payment for heating according to the general house meter, not the amount of incoming heat energy is taken into account, but the difference between it and in the return pipe of the system. This is the most acceptable and open way of forming the final cost of the service. In addition, by choosing the optimal model of the device, you can additionally improve the heating system of the house according to the following indicators:
- The ability to regulate the amount of heat energy consumed in the building, depending on external factors - the temperature outside;
- A transparent method for calculating payment for heating. However, in this case, the total amount is distributed across all apartments in the house, depending on their area, and not according to the volume of heat energy supplied to each room.
In addition, only representatives of the management company can handle the maintenance and adjustment of the general house meter. However, tenants have the right to demand all the necessary reporting to reconcile the executed and accrued utility bills for heat supply.
In addition to installing a heat meter, it is necessary to install a modern mixing unit to regulate the degree of heating of the coolant entering the heating system of the house.
Questions about payment for heating services
In addition to the lack of transparency in the procedure for calculating payments for heating, there are a number of problems associated with district heating. In most cases, they are about the quality of the services provided, the legality of collecting year-round payments, as well as ways of calculating payment for electric heating.
Alas, in the law on payment for central heating services, most of the calculations and possible compensation for poor quality services are given. Getting the latter is extremely difficult due to the paperwork. Let's consider the main problems of district heating and how to solve them.
Year-round or seasonal payment for heating services
Over the past five to seven years, a new form of charging the cost of services for district heating has emerged. Paying for heating during the summer has become a common practice. But how convenient is it for the consumer and legitimate from the point of view of legislation?
The problem is that an ordinary consumer cannot choose whether to pay him for heat supply all year round or only during the heating season. This decision is made only between the management company and the heat supply organization. In rare cases, it is possible to change the payment schedule in agreement with the HOA or the housing cooperative.
What are the features of payment for heating in the summer?
- Inability to control the relevance of the charged fee. To form it, the management company uses many intricate and complex methods;
- Uniform financial burden on the consumer. The cost of heat supply services in summer and winter is always the same. Those. expenses in February will be the same as in August;
- The ability to make a decision on seasonal payment for heat supply in the presence of heating meters.
It is because of the last point that residents of apartment buildings prefer to install a common heat meter.
Summing up the total cost of seasonal and year-round payment, you can see that the lower amount will be in the first case.
Payment for gas and electric heating
Whenever possible, many apartment owners try to disconnect from the central heating supply. Alternatively, autonomous systems are made with gas or electric boilers.
In practice, you can face many problems when organizing such heat supply systems. The main one is not to pay for electric heating, but to obtain permission to equip it. And even after the legal installation of the equipment, the following difficulties may arise:
- Payment for gas heating will be charged on a general basis. Before that, it is imperative that you install a gas meter for the consumed gas;
- Additionally, you will need to pay for heating associated with common premises. The procedure for calculating it was described above;
- It is impossible to connect the boiler to the central heating system, having previously disconnected from it. This will lead to the opening of the common house circuit.
There is a possibility of savings when organizing electric heating. It consists in the provision of a preferential tariff by the electricity supplier. But it can only be used if the house does not have a gas main. If available, the cost of power supply services will be calculated on a general basis.
How else can you save on your central heating bills? One option is to provide benefits or subsidies. However, it has been extremely difficult to obtain them lately. To do this, you will need to collect a lot of documents, and confirm your requirements to reduce utility bills, including heat supply.
In the video, you can familiarize yourself with the possible problems of operating a general house heat meter:
I have long been worried about one question about payment for heating in an apartment building, namely, the calculation for heating is taken taking into account the area of the apartment, but I believe that this calculation is only suitable for * Khrushchev *. And I live in a nine-story building with an improved layout and occupy an apartment with an area of 56 m2 and I pay for heating more than anyone else, although there are 4 risers in the apartment, and in an apartment of 44 m2, there are also 4 risers, that is, they receive exactly the same heating, but they pay less. The same situation with a 3-room apartment where they occupy an area of 54m2 and There are 5 risers there, but they pay less, In a one-room apartment, the occupied area is 33m2 and there are only 2 risers, that is, they overpay too. I would like this comment to reach the right people and revise these calculations, In this case, the company will not lose anything, These costs will be redistributed between apartments, respectively, heating risers in the occupied area. After all, apartments are being built in a new version, and the calculations are made in the old fashioned way. Next, the payment for cleaning the local area is calculated based on the square meters of the apartment, and after all, square meters are removed on the street, so calculate from the square meters of the area to be cleaned and then distribute to the square meters of housing They also calculate the cleaning of common areas from square meters of housing, but they do not enter the apartment, but they remove recreation and staircases. Well, and so on, this is what the management company is fattening, and we survive.
it doesn't matter how many risers are in the apartment. It is important how many heating devices, and the number of their constituent sections is calculated by the design organization before building the house just based on the area of the apartment ... In other words, to heat the apartment to the standard temperature, so many sections of the heating device are required in each room, and they can be connected to one riser … .Therefore, the area and volume always and everywhere appears ...
In our case, the number of sections on the risers are installed in the apartments according to the standard, i.e. there are three sections on one riser, and what is it that in two-room apartments of 56 m2 and 44 m2 the number of risers is four and the number of sections, respectively, is set equally in three sections, and we pay for heating for square meters of the occupied area, and not depending on the number of risers and installed sections. Also in three-room apartments of 56 m2 and 54 m2, where there are five risers and, accordingly, on each riser according to the standard for three sections, payment for heating is less. One-room apartments in this case also lose in their apartments two risers and, accordingly, three sections. In Soviet times, the calculation for heating was carried out from square meters of living space and it was closer to reality than now. Having settled in this apartment in 1976, we paid for heating from square meters of living space
Officials always try to divert from the topic, it is clear that illiteracy leads to the fact that protests are growing, and the Ministry of Construction, as it were, has nothing to do with it ... Too lazy to calculate and correctly apply the formula, for them the problem and hence the calculation of tenants.
in our house there is a common heat meter and in each apartment there are personal meters, and we pay for heating not according to personal meters, but according to the common house, the management company refers to the fact that not every apartment has personal meters, so we will pay on a general basis at the rate. why did we install counters? Is our management company legal?
Good afternoon. I have a question, the heating in the apartment was turned on on September 29, late in the evening, and the bill for heating was for the whole September. The management company refuses to recalculate. How to be?
the amount of heat received per apartment depends on the temperature of the coolant in the batteries, the pressure in the house system and the quality of the heating system regulation of the entire MKD + heat received through the walls from neighbors.
It is another matter if your hot water is obtained through an in-house boiler, i.e. part of the coolant is used to heat the water IT IS NECESSARY to SUBSCRIBE this amount of Gcal from the total consumption of the house.
This is not taken into account by any calculation methodology.
It turns out that a part of the received heat energy is paid by YOU TWICE!