Varieties of Russian stoves and options for how to fold it yourself

An old Russian stove is an effective device for heating a house in a village and cooking. The device can be assembled with your own hands using drawings, photos, descriptions and instructions. The design is simple, but you need to take into account all the nuances and features of laying the heating device. Furnace works must comply with the standards established by the joint venture and SNiP.

Furnace classification

The Russian stove is a massive brick structure that is used to heat the house and cook food. It can also have a stove bench, hob, fireplace.

Furnaces are classified by size, internal structure, functionality, appearance and other parameters.

In terms of dimensions, three types of structures are distinguished:

• Large oven. This is a device measuring from 1.5 × 2.3 meters with a stove bench, a hob and a place for heating liquid.
• Small oven. It has dimensions of 1.5 × 1.75 m. Suitable for installation in small kitchens, living quarters. It may have a stove and fireplace.
• Non-standard. Usually used for installation in a bath.

According to the device, Russian stoves are divided into traditional and modern ones. The traditional design has an unheated bottom and a hollow oven for storing firewood and utensils. The modern stove is distinguished by extended functionality, heating of the lower channel part. A hob and grill are installed at the top.

Varieties of Russian stoves

Modern versions of Russian stoves include a variety of designs for heating and cooking. The choice of model depends on the purpose, features of use and requirements for the device.

The classic model with a couch allows you to arrange an extra bed for up to three people. Modern models are designed for one adult or two child seats.

An oven with a stove, which is built into the structure, allows you to cook food. Often, such options are accompanied by the installation of a large hob, oven and heating.

The model with a stove and a stove bench is suitable for a country house. The structure has a large berth and a stove for cooking. The hob can be any - it all depends on the requirements for the oven.

Mini Russian stoves without a bench are used in saunas and small kitchens. They can have different designs, but without a sunbed and slabs.

A stove with a fireplace is a more modern option for heating a summer cottage. Instead of an open cooking chamber, a stylish fireplace is installed, thanks to which you can heat another room through the partition. When using this option, you can not install the second revenue pipe.

The Russian fired oven is the oldest of the designs. It has a crucible. Products for cooking are placed in the chamber, and fuel is placed through the mouth with a partition. With this option, you can simultaneously cook food and heat the room.

A device with a barbecue is considered a modern design option for the street. Instead of the classic hob, a grill is installed for cooking over an open fire.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the Russian stove include the following properties:

• Durability. The brick structure, subject to the operating conditions, will last for decades.
• High degree of fire safety.
• Cooking takes place without direct contact with fire.
• The oven cools down slowly.
• Wide functionality of modern models.
• Low cost. Due to the simplicity of the design and the lack of automation.
• You can build it yourself. A project of the future furnace is preliminarily created, and then the laying work is carried out.

The disadvantages are as follows:

• Low efficiency (about 30%) in comparison with modern heating devices, which have an efficiency of more than 90%.
• Uneconomic consumption of firewood.
• Uneven heating of the room. The difference between the top and bottom points can be 20 ° C.
• Uneven fuel burnout. Firewood in different parts of the stove burns with different strengths.
• It is impossible to observe the cooking process.

After studying the positive and negative qualities of the Russian stove, you can decide whether to make it in the house or not.

Self assembly

To assemble the device with your own hands, you need to know the structure of the Russian stove. The heater should be folded from bricks and other durable materials with high resistance to combustion.

The main element is the crucible. This is a firebox consisting of a vault and a hearth from below. Firewood is stacked under it and dishes with food are placed for cooking. The opening in the crucible is the mouth. There is also an opening in the back wall, which is called a sixth window. They form a space between them - a pole, in which hot food is placed to maintain the temperature. An overtube enters the pole, where smoke collects, and above it there is a hailo, which is covered with a view. It limits the penetration of cold air masses into the stove. The overtube is closed with a special valve, thanks to which the draft in the chimney is regulated. There is a compartment for storing utensils under the pole. Also in the lower part there is a stove in which you can store firewood.

After getting acquainted with the design of the rustic Russian stove, preparatory, and then installation work begins. The algorithm for assembling a Russian stove with your own hands with drawings is presented in the form of step-by-step instructions.

Brick selection

The selection of materials for the stove is an important task, as they must comply with fire safety regulations. For this reason, each element of the structure is made from its own material. For the laying of the stove and chimney, clay bricks are used. For the hearth and vault - refractory or refractory bricks. Plaster, tiles, natural stone act as facing material. Clay bricks, asbestos cardboard, asbestos cement slabs and other refractory materials are chosen for fireproof insulation.

To create a chimney, a solution based on cement or sand and lime is used. You can knead it yourself or buy a ready-made mixture at the store.

When buying, it is important to monitor the quality of materials. The brick must have the exact dimensions, the surface is free of chips and foreign inclusions. It is better to choose red clay. The sand is bought fine-grained with a particle size of no more than 1.5 mm.

Instruments

The wizard should have the following set of tools:

• ruler;
• pencil;
• Master OK;
• level;
• plumb line;
• pick;
• rubber mallet;
• Bulgarian;
• solution bucket;
• mixer in case of self-mixing of the mixture;

All tools can be purchased at a hardware store.

Choosing a place for the oven

Before starting work, you need to choose a place to install the oven. The following factors are taken into account:

• Foundation. It can be created separately for the stove and be ready-made. A layer of waterproofing must be done to increase the service life and performance.
• Free passage of the ceiling through the chimney. The pipes must not damage or touch existing supporting structures.
• Convenience of location. The user must easily approach the oven and use it for its intended purpose.
• Compliance with fire-prevention distances. A sheet of metal 700 × 500 mm is placed in front of the window of the pole. There must be a distance from the stove to the combustible wall equal to the height of the stove.There should be a minimum of 125 cm from the pole to the opposite wall. The metal beams next to the chimney should be at least 130 mm away from the inner surface.

Following these recommendations will help you choose the best place for the Russian stove.

Step-by-step instructions for building a furnace

The work on creating a heating device is best carried out in warm weather. If the installation is carried out in the cold season, you need to monitor the temperature of the materials - it should not exceed 5 ° C.

Algorithm for laying a Russian stove or rough:

• Two rows of bricks are laid on the foundation. There should be a layer of waterproofing between them.
• Clay brick is wetted with water. The first row starts at the level of the finished floor. It is laid out with solid brick blocks. The thickness of the seams is up to 5 mm. All masonry is checked by the building level.
• Laying the second row. Leave a gap for baking. After laying the second row, the verticality of the surface is controlled using a plumb line.
• Between the 3rd and 4th row, a dressing is made in the corners. The fourth row is laid with solid bricks.
• After the fifth row, the laying is carried out on the prepared wooden formwork for the arch of the furnace. In the eighth row, the last row of the vault of hewn bricks is placed.
• Laying of walls in one brick with transportation up to 10 rows.
• In the 12th row, a pod is created. It is made from refractory bricks. The gaps are filled with sand.
• Furnace laying. The seams should be no thicker than 3 mm. First, they are placed on the edge along the inner perimeter. After row 16, the arch of the crucible is laid out.
• Laying the window of the six. It should look like an arch.
• When creating a 20 row, the walls of the furnace are erected with a decrease in the space above the pole.
• In the 22nd row, the samovar channel is laid.
• 23 row - make a place for the accumulation of soot.
• The 25th row is put in the same way as 10 with dressing the seams. An overtube is formed above the six.
• 29th row - connection of the samovar channel with an overtube.
• In row 32, the overtube is covered with solid bricks. You need to leave one hole, which is then closed with a latch.
• Chimney masonry.

After 5-6 days after the mortar has completely dried, wooden formwork can be removed. The assembled stove can be used.