Great attention is paid to the process of home insulation. Thanks to high-quality thermal insulation, a comfortable temperature will be maintained longer, and less heating time will be required. In a house, bathhouse, garage or other residential and non-residential premises, not only walls are insulated, but also the floor with a roof. Thermal insulation of the roof is one of the most difficult steps, so it is important to follow the instructions and follow all installation recommendations.
Roof structure
You can insulate different buildings. It can be a residential apartment building, a private cottage, an attic, a bathhouse, a garage, a barn. The process takes place in a similar way, and the laying pattern remains unchanged, regardless of the purpose of the building.
When insulating a roof, the entire roofing system will consist of several layers. They all fit onto the rafters.
Layers are arranged as follows:
- roof covering;
- lathing of the final material;
- counter-lattice bars;
- waterproofing;
- thermal insulation;
- vapor barrier;
- lathing for inner lining;
- interior decoration material.
A properly equipped roof will keep the house warm and reduce losses. Steam and waterproofing will help to insulate the roof of the house from the inside so that there is no condensation.
The choice of insulation
The range of heaters on the market is extensive, so it is difficult for an ordinary buyer to immediately choose the right material. To navigate and find the best option for a thermal insulator, you need to pay attention to its characteristics.
Insulation for walls, roofs and floors must meet the following requirements:
- Weight. The higher it is, the greater the load on the roof is provided by the insulation. Because of this, conditions are imposed on the rafters and crate.
- Thermal conductivity. Should be low, no more than 0.04 W / m * s.
- Resistance to external influences: vibration, shock, precipitation, condensation, temperature drops, humidity.
- Operating temperature range. For pitched roofs, the maximum temperature can reach 200 ° C.
Several materials correspond to all the above characteristics. Professionals prefer mineral wool and foam panels. Insulation is selected according to its properties and the estimate laid down in the home improvement.
The best insulation for the roof:
- Usually, the roof is insulated from the inside with mineral wool. It is manufactured in fiberglass, slag and stone forms. It is sold in the form of mats, rolls and slabs in a roll in various sizes. Pros - plasticity, the ability to cut with a knife and good sound damping. It is necessary to use personal protective equipment when working. For a flat roof, mineral wool with a density of 150 kg / m3 is selected.
- The most affordable roofing insulation is polystyrene. It retains heat well and is easy to install, light in weight. Has high sound insulation properties.
- Expanded clay differs in low cost. It consists of small stones of various sizes, partially filled with air. Resistant to rodents, insects, steam and moisture.
- Ecowool is an ecological material, which is a cellulose web. It can be easily blown into tight spaces.
- Polyurethane foam is one of the most effective insulation materials. It is sprayed on as a white foam. Does not allow steam to pass through.
- Extruded polystyrene foam has a clear geometry, high strength and good insulation characteristics. Has a long service life, moisture resistant, does not react to chemical attack.
Popular manufacturers are Penoplex, Rockwool, Technonickel, Knauf, Izover and others. You can buy materials from these brands at hardware stores.
In addition to the insulation material itself, steam and waterproofing will be required. To protect against moisture, it is better to use roofing material and polyethylene. As a vapor barrier, special membranes, glassine and foil materials are used.
Recommendations for work
Regardless of the chosen insulation, the master must carry out the installation in a certain sequence. There are several recommendations that will make the internal insulation of the roof better.
Work tips:
- During installation, it is important to ensure that the slabs do not block the ventilation openings.
- If a superdiffusion membrane is used, the heat insulator must be placed close to it.
- For a multi-layer cake structure, two gaps should be made - under the film and above it.
- When laying thermal insulation in several layers, the neighboring ones are stacked in a checkerboard pattern. This will make the insulation more reliable and close the joints.
- With a total thickness of the insulating layer of 20 cm, 2 layers of 100 mm should be laid. It is not recommended to increase the number to 4.
- In order to lay the insulation as tightly as possible, you should take a heat insulator with a width several centimeters larger than the distance between the elements of the rafter system.
- Plates should be applied to each other as tightly as possible.
- If the elements of the rafter system are located far from each other, the insulation is additionally fixed from the side of the room. For fastening, self-tapping screws are used, which are screwed into the rafter parts. A wire is pulled between them for fixing.
- When installing rafters with a small step, thermal insulation is used according to the combined method. The material is laid under and between the beams.
- If mineral wool is chosen as the insulation material, it is necessary to make waterproofing. The film must be laid with an overlap and all joints must be glued with tape.
- Plates between the rafters are laid evenly, without deflections.
Compliance with all of the above recommendations will make it possible to make high-quality roof insulation.
Preparation for thermal insulation
The order of roof insulation practically does not change for different types of roofing, insulation materials used and other factors. Before carrying out work, you should prepare the roof for internal insulation.
First, you need to carry out a visual inspection of the rafter system. All broken or decayed elements must be replaced, otherwise the heat insulator cannot be fixed.
All wooden parts should be treated with a special antiseptic coating.
The last step is to check the condition of the pipelines and electrical wiring that are located under the roof. Defective parts must be replaced.
Only after a complete check of the suitability of the roof can you proceed with the internal thermal insulation.
Roof insulation algorithm
The roof insulation process takes place in several stages. Rafters, lathing and other components must be installed in advance. The user only needs to fix the insulation for the roof and make the finishing roofing.
Diy roof insulation algorithm:
- laying vapor barrier;
- laying insulation;
- laying waterproofing;
- finishing the roof.
The first step in insulation is to install a vapor barrier. It can be placed on top or underneath the crate. In both cases, it will fulfill its functions.The film should be laid with a 10 cm overlap. It is recommended to fix it with a construction stapler.
Next, the insulation itself is laid. It must be placed in the crate cells. It is pre-assembled in such a way that the distance between the bars is slightly less than the width of the insulation. Then the material will easily fit into the cell and will not need to be additionally fixed.
Thermal insulation can be installed without lathing. Nails are driven in along the edges of the rafter legs, on which the wire is pulled. This method is not reliable, so it is better to install a crate.
The thermal insulator is placed in two layers: the upper one with an offset in relation to the lower one so that no gaps are formed.
The next step is waterproofing. The film should be placed in such a way that the insulation, lathing and rafters are covered. Fixation is done on a construction stapler.
When the main layers have been laid, you can proceed to the final finishing outside and the flooring of the roofing material (for example, metal tiles). It is possible to independently carry out the internal insulation of the roof without any particular difficulties, you just need to observe the nuances of the work and follow the instructions.
