Options for Russian stoves with stove benches and how to fold it yourself

A Russian stove with a stove bench is a current attribute of private houses and country cottages. This is not only a useful, functional building, but also a traditional element of home comfort and color, interior design. An open fire in the hearth, like in a fireplace, will not hurt in the event of an unexpected power outage or gas supply, and the lounger is used as an extra bed.

The design of the Russian stove with a stove bench

A rustic Russian stove with a stove bench in its body has a deep crucible (combustion chamber) with a deaf hearth. In the old villages, it had a vaulted ceiling. After the firewood burned out, a high temperature remained in it for a long time, which made it possible to cook bread and pies, baked milk among the coals and other food.

Modern models differ from old stove designs, but all functionality and architecture are repeated. Such structures are relevant for Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Moldovan and Romanian rural houses. The diagram and description of the design of the furnace are represented by the following elements:

• guardianship is the foundation;
• baking - the space at the bottom of the oven for drying firewood and keeping animals (for example, chickens);
• crucible (firebox) - furnace (cooking) chamber;
• cheek - the front wall of the firebox;
  
• mouth (forehead) - the entrance to the crucible;
• vault - the upper arched part of the furnace;
• under - the bottom of the firebox (furnace) with a slight slope for the convenience of laying firewood and dishes with food;
• pole - a platform in front of the mouth for dishes with food, instead of it there can be a cast-iron stove with an additional firebox - a flood;
• the sub-six is ​​a cold stove for storing dishes;
• stoves (miners) - small niches in the body for increasing the heat-transfer surface and drying herbs, mushrooms, dishes, clothes, shoes, etc.;
• hailo - a hole tapering upward above the pole for smoke evacuation.

An important part of the project is the chimney, which consists of a hog (an inclined or horizontal part, from 1 m in size, located in the attic in front of the chimney) and a chimney.

Pros and cons

The main type of fuel for the Russian stove is wood, but it can also be heated with peat, dung, husk, straw, reeds and other organic materials. There are products in which it is permissible to use coke coal. There is more heat dissipation from it, but a problem is created in the form of dust.

The dimensions of the stove can reach 150-200 cm by 150-200 cm and a height of 120-150 cm.The products have many advantages, for example:

• High level of efficiency. Bricks accumulate heat and keep it for a long time, so the room maintains a normal temperature when the stove is already heated.
• Long operational period. Correctly laid out structure is safe in terms of fires.
  
• Heating of several rooms. If you correctly position the stove with a stove bench, with minimal fuel consumption, you can heat the living quarters associated with it.
• Functionality. The product serves as a source of heat, a place for rest, cooking food and bread, drying food and clothes, storing firewood and dishes.

Like other solid-fuel structures, in addition to the pros, there are also disadvantages:

• large dimensions and weight;
• a free-standing foundation is required;
• high consumption of firewood;
• after summer inactivity, it takes a long time to warm up.

Since the chimney design does not provide for complicated strokes, it is very rarely necessary to clean the stove - about 1 time per decade.

Russian stove with a stove bench with your own hands

It is quite difficult to fold a real stove with your own hands, but it is still possible according to drawings and photographs.

Self-production of the foundation

Since the unit is very heavy, a solid foundation is needed for it. It should go beyond the size of the bottom of the Russian stove with a stove bench by at least 10 cm.

1. Dig a hole below the freezing depth.
2. Make a sand and gravel pad 20 cm high and tamp.
3. Build the formwork and lower it into the pit, align the upper edge horizontally.
4. Place the reinforcement rods (0.8-1.0 cm) in a grid pattern.
5. Prepare a mortar of crushed stone, sand and cement in a ratio of 4/3/1.
   
6. Pour the base with an overflow over the edge of the formwork.
7. Align horizontally, pierce frequently with rebar to release air.
8. Iron the concrete by sprinkling a thin layer of dry cement and lightly rubbing it. It will take a month for the concrete to fully harden.

Moisten the base of the oven with water for the first few days to dry evenly. It should not adjoin the foundation of the house - if the foundation of the house begins to move on heaving soils, the stove will "dance" with it, which will lead to its cracking. Otherwise, it will move independently along with its foundation, which will exclude destruction.

If the bases of the stove and the house are close to each other (15 cm), provide a gap between them, cover with sand and tamp.

Tools and materials

Prepare the following tools for work:

• shovel;
• plumb line;
• levels - building and water, square, tape measure;
• rule;
• Master OK;
• electric tile cutter for adjusting bricks or hammer-pickaxe;
• mallet;
• jointing for facade joints
• container for mixing mortar for masonry.

On the finished base, put the roofing material in 2 layers as a waterproofing.

From materials for the oven, purchase:

• 1500 pcs. red brick;
• 75 buckets of sand;
• 65 buckets of clay;
• samovar (13 x 13 cm);
• flap (43 x 34 cm);
• latch (30 x 15 cm).

For self-laying, use one of the simplest ones.

Ordering according to the scheme of a stove with a stove bench

The step-by-step instruction consists in the following sequence of rows:

• 1 - put a continuous layer of bricks on the mortar that was used to fill the foundation.
• 2, 3, 4 - focusing on the diagram, lay out the well with dressing the seams, not forgetting about the space for the baking.
• 5.6 - at this level the vault begins, for which make the formwork and prepare the support feet for the bricks.
• 7, 8 - form a vault with bandaging of seams, close it on the 8th row.
• 9, 10 - put in 1 brick.
• 11 - the final one for the stove, fill the well so that you get a slight slope.
• 12 - form a hearth brick, fill the joints with sand and grind the entire surface.
  
• 13-16 - crucible. Lay the walls in ¾ bricks with bandaging the seams, without tying the material; for locks, bind the bricks at an angle of 45 degrees.
• 17 - the back wall and the mouth are completed. Proceed with the construction of the frame for the vault of the cooking chamber - shrink your heels, put the brick on its side.
• 18 - build a wall, fill the voids between the cooking chamber and the side surfaces with broken brick, sand, clay.
• 19 - close the opening above the pole with a hemisphere.
• 20 - align the walls, reduce the hole above the hex. The overtube should be without steps, so cut off the corners. Close the samovar channel.
• 21 - repeat row 19.
• 22 - finish laying above the vault, make a chamber for collecting soot.
• 23-32 - lay out the pipe, not forgetting about the valve.

The pipe should end with 2 bricks (26 x 26 cm).

Other oven options

In addition to the classic version, there are other modifications.

Russian stove with stove bench and stove

This model is the most popular because it allows you to heat the room and cook food in the usual way. According to the scheme of a Russian stove with a stove bench and a stove, the well is first laid, then the door and the blower are mounted (3, 4 rows), the stove is installed on the 9th row. Everything else follows the template.

Mini Russian oven

Due to the fact that the crucible and the stove are adjacent, the dimensions of the furnace are significantly smaller - no more than 100 x 130 cm. The structure is the same in height as in the classical model, the overtube ends with a pipe that goes into the ceiling.

Russian stove with fireplace and stove bench

This model is very complex, and its laying will require not only knowledge, but also experience. The formation of fireplace channels begins already from the 2nd row. (they require 14 doors and a blower door), and ends on row 38.