Heating a home with stove heating does not lose its relevance. The construction of a furnace requires special skills and knowledge. Oven doors are an important part of it. Safety of operation, stable combustion of fuel, and attractive appearance depend on their choice. This element has several purposes, some are used for laying firewood, others for cleaning the chimney, removing combustion products, air intake.
Varieties of doors according to the manufacturing method
For the manufacture of doors for the furnace, various materials are used: metal, cast iron, glass. Cast iron and metal structures have been used for a long time, heat-resistant glass is a new material.
Glass
Oven doors with glass have been in use for the past 10 years. Glass sheets are manufactured in several versions:
- Single layer. They have a thickness of 3 mm, they are used when burning wood, peat, plant waste in the furnace.
- Multilayer, 4 mm thick. They are installed when burning coal with a high combustion temperature.
Transparent, frosted or embossed glass is installed in the doors for the stove. Glass doors provide an opportunity to observe the flame. For transparency, it is necessary to wipe the surface with a product that removes soot, or buy a material with a coating that prevents its formation.
Metal
Ordinary ferrous metal will oxidize when exposed to moisture, this is especially true in a bath room. To prevent the formation of rust, the metal doors are coated with heat-resistant paint.
The best, albeit more expensive, option is stainless steel. The product is lightweight and can be easily attached to a brick structure. The long service life pays for the high purchase price. The modern design makes this stove element a decoration of the interior of the room.
Cast iron
A cast iron oven door is the best choice. It has the following advantages:
- durability, service life is practically unlimited;
- high heat resistance;
- wear resistance;
- versatility of use.
Cast iron products are used in furnaces where coal is burned. The high temperature (up to 8000C) arising during combustion does not damage the structure. For the demanding consumer, they develop a complex design of doors for the stove, combined with glass inserts.
When casting cast iron products for a furnace, complex technologies are used, decorating them with ornaments or decorative details complicates the process, making it expensive. Such models are not intended for mass use, but if you wish, you can always find a master for making.
Groups of doors in the process of masonry
The stove has doors for various purposes. Each element has its own role. The following doors are shared:
- furnace;
- view;
- blowers;
- clean-out.
Furnace
Designed for fuel filling. The firebox door performs the following functions:
- protection of the surrounding premises from fire;
- transfer of heat from the material burning in the firebox to the room;
- preventing sparks from flying out;
- provides combustion with oxygen.
The material is chosen based on its practicality or the desire to decorate the interior of the room. The latest fashion trend is an oven door with glass.
Blower
Installed on the ash chamber, through it the furnace is cleaned from ash, which spills into the lower compartment. The blower door provides the process with air. By opening or closing it, they regulate the flow and rate of fuel combustion.
Blowing doors are made of cast iron or steel, less often glass. They can be of a simple design, or they can be made of cast iron with a relief finish or ornament. They are performed in the same style as the furnace.
Cleaning
Close the hole in the wall of the chimney and serve to clean it from soot and soot. It is an essential element in the design of the stove to ensure its correct operation. Some builders ignore their installation, but an experienced stove-maker never goes without cleaning holes. Their presence simplifies the maintenance of the stove and its smokeless operation.
View
To prevent hot air from leaving the stove after combustion of the fuel, a valve is installed on the chimney. It is a frame with grooves along which the plate moves, covering the flue duct. The valve is placed in the brickwork of the pipe.
One of the types of valves is a view. This is a frame with a hole, sides and two covers, located inside the chimney. This double protection provides a tight seal against the heat outlet. A view valve is installed on the channel wall, usually it is made of cast iron.
Types depending on the design of the stove
If you need a door for the oven, you should pay attention to its design. They can be leaky, sealed or airtight.
Doors are ordinary
This is a common classic model with a swing handle securing the door from opening. Installed in simple brick stoves in old country houses. It is not airtight. Such a design may have a mechanism that tightly presses it to the hearth.
Hermetic doors
Oven doors with glass can be airtight. To seal the gap around the perimeter, an insulating cord made of heat-resistant material is laid. A tightly closed door contributes to strong combustion, high speed of fuel combustion and rapid heating of the room. Sealed doors prevent the penetration of combustion products into the surrounding room and air pollution.
Primary requirements
The main purpose of the stove door is to ensure the fire safety of the home. It prevents flames and sparks from escaping, coal falling out of the hearth, protects the room from smoke, and accelerates the process of ignition and combustion of fuel. The door material is chosen depending on the heating oil used.
The glass must be at least 4 mm, it can withstand temperatures up to 6000C. Used for wood burning stoves and fireplaces. In this case, metal doors are also used. When burning coal, coke or mixed fuel in the furnace, cast-iron doors must be installed, for which a temperature of up to 8000C is permissible.
How to make a door with your own hands
The first step is to measure the dimensions of the door - the height and width of the oven hole into which it will be installed. To do this, use a tape measure and a marker. If you want to make an arched door, determine the height in the center and two side dimensions. It is necessary to make a drawing on paper to make it easier to manufacture the product.
First, a metal frame is made from corners to the size of the oven hole. The door can be with a fireproof glass insert, or it can be closed with a sheet of metal. The glass is fastened to the frame with bolts, they are not clamped strongly, so as not to impede expansion when heated.
The simplest door is a deaf metal door.A metal plate is welded to the frame, which tightly closes the hole.
Cast iron doors are difficult to make, so they don't do it at home.
The handle and curtains are welded to the structure, painted with heat-resistant paint. Install the door with bolts or anchors.
Securing the door
Fastening is done in several ways:
- nichrome wire;
- metal strips (clamps);
- self-tapping screws that are installed in the side bars.
The wire is threaded through the hole, folded in half and twisted. Then it is pulled and inserted into the chip in the edge of the brick (5-10 mm deep). The door is fastened with cement mortar, then some ends of the wire are bred to the walls of the furnace, while others are placed on three bricks and pressed on top with bricks.
Stainless steel flanged plates can be used. They are attached to the brickwork with self-tapping screws. You can use a shell, which is fixed around the perimeter of the oven hole. The oven door frame can be attached to the structure when laying the hearth, or it can be done later.
The choice of a stove door is a responsible process, its functionality and safety of stove operation depend on the right decision.
