Selection of heating system components: boilers, radiators, pipes and pumps

The optimal configuration of the heating system depends on many factors. The well-coordinated operation of all its elements is a guarantee of a consistently high efficiency rate and operational reliability. Therefore, first you need to solve the question - how to choose the right heating system: boilers, pumps, radiators, pipes.

Overview of the main heating components

The most difficult thing in the design and selection of components is the autonomous water heating of the house. This system consists of several important elements, without which its operation is impossible.

Before choosing the right boiler for heating a house, it is necessary to consider all the other components of autonomous heat supply. The essence of their work is to heat the coolant, transfer it through pipes to radiators. It is through them that heat energy is exchanged between hot water and indoor air.

But how to choose an electric heating boiler for such a scheme. Consider the functional features of autonomous type heat supply elements:

• The main function of boilers - increasing the temperature of the coolant (water, antifreeze) to the required level. Energy from the fuel combustion chamber (or electric heating elements) is transferred using heat exchange devices. Therefore, it is important to know how to choose an electric boiler for heating;
• Pipelines... Through them, high-temperature water enters the radiators;
• Batteries... They are heat exchangers for transferring the accumulated thermal energy to the air in the room. This is done using convection processes;
• Circulating pumps designed to increase the flow rate of the coolant through the mains. With their help, heat is evenly distributed over radiators and pipes. Before choosing a pump for heating, you need to first calculate the parameters of the future system.

Therefore, before choosing a circulation pump for heating or any other element, it is necessary that their operational and technical characteristics are compatible with the main parameters of the future system.

It is recommended to use special software packages for calculating heating. Manual calculation threatens to introduce errors, which will directly affect the performance and reliability of heat supply.

Choosing a boiler for autonomous heat supply

When starting to complete the autonomous heat supply, special attention should be paid to the boiler. This device is key in organizing the entire system. Since it is impossible to choose a gas heating boiler without basic knowledge of its properties, you need to at least superficially study its characteristics.

They reflect not only its functional, but also performance. In addition, each type of boiler has its own requirements for installation and further technology for preventing breakdowns.

The discrepancy between the calculated and actual characteristics of the boiler should not be more than 5%. You can purchase a model with a small power reserve, but not less than the required one.

The type of fuel used in the heating boiler

One of the defining parameters is the type of energy carrier. The easiest way is to choose an electric boiler for heating a house - for this you just need to correctly connect the device and make it the correct strapping.

Currently, there are 4 main types of energy carrier that affect the correct selection of a boiler for heating a house:

• Gas... The most common, since it differs in affordable cost and a large amount of thermal energy during combustion. In heating systems, you can use main or liquefied (balloon) gas. However, before selecting a gas heating boiler, you need to decide on a company to install it. Doing it yourself without permits is prohibited;
• Solid and liquid fuels - firewood, coal, diesel. It is possible to choose the right boiler for heating a house of this type only if cheap energy sources are available. Also, the choice is forced if there is no gas main;
• Electricity... These are one of the most optimal types of energy for organizing heat supply for a small house or apartment. For the selection of an electric heating boiler, its normal power is important. The common house network must be designed for such high loads.

Until recently, it was difficult to find an efficient electric boiler for heating. This was due to the relatively low efficiency factor. However, the emergence of new heating elements (heating elements) of water and the use of fundamentally different methods of increasing the temperature of the coolant with the help of electricity again made boilers of this type in demand.

When choosing a gas heating boiler, you need to pay attention to its reconstruction to work on liquefied or natural gas. Thus, it is possible to ensure the uninterrupted functioning of the heat supply even if the gas main is turned off.

Operational features of the heating boiler

The defining characteristics of a heating boiler include its rated output. It determines the maximum degree of water heating in the pipes and, as a consequence, compliance with the thermal mode of operation of the entire heat supply. This parameter is calculated even before choosing an electric heating boiler or its solid fuel (gas) analogue.

Modern models of boilers are designed not only for heating, but also for hot water supply. For this, a secondary heat exchange circuit is provided in their design, in which water is heated, which is then used for domestic purposes.

In addition, when choosing an electric heating boiler, you must pay attention to the following points:

• Equipment... Some models may include a circulation pump, an expansion tank and a safety group;
• Work regulation system... For solid fuel boilers, it is the simplest - a decrease or increase in the intensity of fuel combustion occurs by limiting the flow of fresh air. In electric or gas models, this function is performed by electronic devices;
• Mounting method - wall or floor. The first option is acceptable if an electric boiler is chosen for installation in the kitchen. It will take up little space and will harmoniously fit into the overall interior of the room.

These are just general recommendations for choosing a heating boiler. The subtleties and nuances of its required technical (operational) characteristics depend on the design parameters of the heat supply system.

Before purchasing a boiler model, you need to find out the location of the nearest service of the manufacturer or its official representative. This will help to quickly resolve the issue in the event of equipment breakdown.

Parameters for the selection of pumps and expansion tanks for heat supply

The installation of a circulation pump is necessary for closed heating systems. With its help, the speed of movement of hot water increases.This leads to an even distribution of temperature - the coolant does not have time to cool down, reaching the last in the system of radiators and batteries.

How to choose the right pump for a heating system if the basic design requirements are known? First you need to decide on the type of pumping equipment. Depending on the method of cooling the electric motor, the pumps can be with a wet or dry rotor. The former emit significantly less noise during operation. Therefore, when selecting pumps for heating, the choice stops precisely on these models.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the main operational and technical parameters:

• Performance... This characteristic determines the amount of water passing per unit of time - m³ / hour;
• The size of the connected branch pipes... In addition to performance, you need to choose the right pump for the heating system for its correct connection. A large difference between the diameters of the pipes in the line and the pump can lead to an increase in hydraulic resistance;
• Pressure... This value will determine the maximum height of the water column when the pump is running.

Also, when choosing a circulation pump for a heating system, you need to pay attention to the methods of its installation.

In addition, for the correct selection of the pump for the heating system, it is necessary to take into account the maximum allowable pressure in the pipes. It varies from 10 to 24 bar. It is important that this characteristic is not lower than the design limit for the system.

One of the secondary parameters when choosing a pump for heating supply is the rated current consumption. On average, it ranges from 0.05 to 0.1 A / hour. However, to ensure uninterrupted operation of the equipment in the event of a power outage, it is recommended to additionally purchase an emergency power supply unit.

Along with this device, the question should be resolved - how to choose an expansion tank for heating. It is designed to compensate for excess pressure in the system. The choice of an expansion tank for heating is influenced by the heat supply scheme:

• Open type... Installed in open gravity heating circuits;
• Closed (membrane) type... An obligatory element for completing systems with forced water circulation.

When choosing expansion vessels, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the coolant in the system. For membrane-type models, the operating parameters of the device (maximum and nominal pressure) must be checked with those in the design diagram.

It is best to purchase a pump, the power of which will be 10-15% more than the calculated one. In this way, you can increase the heating area of ​​the house without replacing this component with a more efficient one.

The choice of radiators and heating batteries

The transfer of heat from hot water to the air in the room occurs through the surface of the radiators. They are installed in every room of the house where it is necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature level.

When deciding how to choose heating radiators for a private house, you need to be guided by several rules. This heating device must ensure optimal heating of the air in the room and at the same time have minimum values ​​of heat transfer resistance. How to choose the right heating radiator considering these requirements? You need to decide on the material for making batteries. Currently, the following are used for their production:

• Cast iron... Possesses high energy consumption. Those. after cooling the water, the surface of the cast iron batteries will be warm for some time. However, in this case, the opposite process will also be observed - a long time for heating the radiator when starting heating;
• Aluminum... The optimal choice as heating radiators for the home. This material has the best thermal conductivity.But there are several significant disadvantages - it is susceptible to pressure drops, antifreeze cannot be used;
• Metallic... Most of the assortment is intended for the economy segment of the market. Despite its light weight and good technical characteristics, the metal rusts relatively quickly. To avoid this, manufacturers cover the surface of the radiators with a protective powder paint;
• Bimetallic radiators... They combine the mechanical strength of metal and the heat-conducting qualities of aluminum. Despite the high cost, bimetallic models are the right choice as heating radiators.

The defining technical parameter of batteries is their rated power - W. It depends on the operating temperature of the heating system. Manufacturers most often indicate the power for the 70/55 mode. It also affects the dimensions of the device and the center-to-center distance between the connection pipes.

Selection of pipes for heating

How to choose pipes for heating and additional elements for them? Lines are needed to deliver the coolant to the radiators. At the same time, they must withstand the maximum pressure temperatures during operation of the heating system.

For the correct choice of heating pipes, their qualities and characteristics should be taken into account:

• Manufacturing material - steel, plastic, copper. For the organization of heat supply in a private house or apartment, polymer pipelines have recently been installed. However, they will not work if the heating level of the coolant exceeds + 90 ° C;
• Pipe diameter... The calculated value, depending on the pressure indicators, the required water circulation rate and the heat transfer of the entire system;
• Labor intensity of installation... The least effort is required to install polymer pipes.

Along with the choice of pipes and other heating components, no less attention should be paid to the safety and control groups of the entire system. Their design and functionality depend on the selected heat supply scheme.

In the video, you can get acquainted in detail with the parameters for choosing pipes for heating: