How to calculate the number of bricks for building a house

Brick is the best option for construction. From it, durable buildings are obtained, the service life of which is more than 150 years, provided that high-quality material is used. Before starting construction, you need to carry out calculations and deduce the approximate cost of a brick, its volume, in order to avoid a shortage in the process of work.

Features of calculating bricks for construction

Before you start calculating the number of bricks, you must take into account three points:

• block type (single, one and a half, double);
• masonry method;
• area and thickness of the walls.

When building a one-story house, you can count the number of bricks of the same type. For the construction of two- and three-story houses, stronger blocks are needed for the foundation, basement and ground floor in order to withstand the load of all the upper floors. Not knowing the intricacies of engineering, it is better to entrust the calculations to professionals.

Usually the walls are made of rough red ceramic bricks - this is the best option in terms of quality, price, assortment, size. In order not to overpay, for example, for a solid single brick, you can choose a hollow one-and-a-half or even double. In general, with insignificant savings on 1 piece, you will get a solid amount for a wholesale purchase.

There are load-bearing walls inside and outside the building. Inside bearing wall masonry should not be less than 25 cm (in 1 brick). External supporting structures – minimum 38 cm, ideal 51 cm.

If there is a need for savings, it is better to save on finishing materials than to buy low-quality bricks.

If planned brick cladding, it also needs to be calculated.

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It is important to take into account that the color of one batch may differ significantly from another within the same type of material. Therefore, you need to buy the cladding from one batch, or order the individually required amount of material.

Others the advantages of buying the entire volume of material at once:

• you can get a discount;
• delivery of the entire cargo at once will be cheaper;
• you do not have to stop the construction if suddenly the brick is stopped at the factory.

There are always defective products or broken ones - such blocks cannot be used for the construction of a load-bearing wall. In this regard, you need to take margin of 10%.

When calculating a brick, it is also taken into account butt joint height... On average, it is 10 mm.

Single

The classic size of a single brick is 250x120x65 mm... Its weight varies from 3.5 to 3.8 kg, depending on the material of manufacture. There are 394 pieces in a cubic meter. In this case, the weight will be about 1700 kg per m³.

Single bricks are full-bodied and hollow. A block can be called corpulent if its empty volume inside does not exceed 13%.

Corpulent the brick has low sound insulation characteristics, so the walls will need to be additionally insulated with mineral wool or other material. It will also help reduce thermal conductivity.

Experienced builders recommend calculating the brick according to the minimum permissible wall thickness, and then insulating it with mineral or stone wool.

When using solid blocks, you will have to fill in a powerful monolithic foundation slab. For comparison, one-and-a-half blocks and a strip foundation are cheaper.

New on the market - porous brick... When still green blocks are formed, a material is added to the raw material, which subsequently burns out at high firing temperatures.Pores are formed, thanks to which the brick retains heat better, and also conducts less sound.

There are several ways to calculate the number of single bricks, including using online calculator... The disadvantage of such calculations is that the architecture of the building is not taken into account, therefore, there may be technological errors. Most The best way agree on the consumption of bricks - calculate it simultaneously with the project order... The architect will know all the nuances, so the calculation will be more accurate. In addition, professional software calculates material usage more accurately.

One and a half

Using the advantages of one-and-a-half brick, you can save on your purchase. Its dimensions in two indicators coincide with a single one, but height increased by 23 mm... Due to this small difference, fewer blocks will be needed, which will significantly reduce construction costs. There are 302 pieces in 1 cubic meter.

The advantages of a one-and-a-half block are that it is inside hollow... This is done to reduce the weight of the building: firstly, fewer blocks are required, and secondly, they will be lighter.

The calculation of one-and-a-half blocks is carried out similarly to single ones, taking into account the height of the solution. There is one caveat: cement-sand mixture will require more, since it will have to fill all the voids and technological holes inside the block.

Double

An even more economical building block is a double or loaf, as the builders call it. Its dimensions are the same in length and width, and 75 mm more heightthan a single brick. There are only 242 double blocks in a cubic meter.

Double bricks are also solid. This type is needed for arranging the foundation or walls of the first floor so that they can withstand the weight of all subsequent superstructures.

Before calculating the brick, you need to subtract the area of ​​windows and doors from the total area of ​​the walls, and also determine the type of masonry.

Comparative table of brick consumption

Brick selection

To start calculating a brick and its cost, you need to decide on its varieties on the market.

For the walls of the house, the most optimal is red ordinary (rough) brick... It takes a lot - for internal partitions and external walls. Such blocks are made of clay, which is then fired in a kiln. For the foundation, take a single, one-and-a-half or double solid block, for walls - hollow.

You can build a house from silicate white brick... It looks more aesthetically pleasing. For a foundation, this type is not suitable, as it is too hygroscopic. It is made from sand and lime with various additives and is exposed to water vapor at high temperatures.

Clinker brick considered the most durable and most expensive of all varieties. It is made similarly to ceramic, but the firing temperature is several times higher, it can reach up to 1200 degrees. The result is a block with fully welded clay particles that is difficult to break.

Decorative or cladding the varieties are intended for the final masonry of the façade to cover the sub-wall of ceramic red bricks.

Is there some more shaped or shaped blocks... They are used to decorate or lay out decorative items. Calculated separately based on an individual project. For example, windows can be lined with shaped bricks on the outside or inside, or on both sides. In this case, the calculation will be different.

Calculation of the number of bricks by examples

It is necessary to calculate how many brick blocks will go for a house, the dimensions of which are:

• length 12 m;
• width 10 m;
• height 3 m.

For now, it is only required to calculate the amount of material for the construction of external walls. The house has a door, measuring 1x2 m, as well as 3 windows, measuring 1.2 mx 1.5 m. It is supposed to be built from a single block by laying in 2 bricks.The height of the mortar joint is 7 mm.

The first step is to calculate the area of ​​the walls and subtract the areas of doors and windows from them. On a calculator, it looks like this:

1. (12 + 10) x 2 = 44 m - this is the first perimeter of the masonry.
2. 44 x 2 = 88 m - this is the second perimeter of the masonry, since we agreed to work in 2 bricks.
3. 88 x 3 = 264 m2 - the area of ​​the walls.
4. (1 x 2) + (1.2 x 1.5) x 3 = 7.4 m the area of ​​openings - windows and doors.
5. 264 – 7,4 = 256,6 - this is the area of ​​the masonry itself without openings.
6. 0.12 x 0.065 = 0.0078 Is the area of ​​the frontal surface of a brick (single ordinary).
7. 1/0,0078 = 128 pieces per square meter.
8. 257 x 2 = 514 pieces per masonry in 2 bricks per 1 m².
9. 128 x 514 = 65792 blocks will go to the walls.

In order for the calculations to take into account the height of the solution, which was designated as 7 mm, it is necessary to carry out a couple more calculations:

1. The height of the seam must be added to the size of the brick. (0.12 x 0.007) x (0.65 x 0.007) = 0.009144.
2. 1 / 0.009144 x 2 = 218.7... Quantity for 1 m².
3. 219 x 264 = 57816... This is the number of pieces for the walls, taking into account the height of the mortar.

In the second case, the consumption of bricks is more economical, since a seam made of a cement-sand mixture is taken into account. Internal partitions are calculated according to the same principle.

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In low-rise construction, it is not recommended to make walls that are less than 2 bricks thick. It is also allowed to reduce the thickness of the bearing walls as the number of storeys increases, for example, if at the level of the 1st floor the thickness of the masonry was 2.5 bricks, then at the level of the 5th it decreased to 2 bricks. For load-bearing walls inside the house, laying of at least 1 brick (25 cm) is recommended. If you execute it in half a brick, then the wall is reinforced by laying a wire in a cement mortar.

Calculations for each floor are carried out separately if there are floor differences in the masonry of the walls or a different brick size is used, for example, the transition from double brick blocks to one and a half or single.