A good microclimate in the house has a positive effect on the health of all family members. To prevent harmful microorganisms or a lot of moisture from accumulating in the rooms, it is ventilated. Natural ventilation does not require much effort when arranging, and ensures proper air exchange.
What is natural ventilation
The concept of a natural ventilation system means that its functioning does not require any mechanical devices that could forcibly induce the movement of air currents.
Air moves under the influence of natural factors. Such a ventilation structure is used in private and multi-storey buildings. Since in large rooms it does not always cope with its functions, it is necessary to equip additional structures that carry out the inflow and outflow of air.
Goals and objectives
In the apartment, dust, moisture, pathogenic microorganisms constantly accumulate in the air. If its circulation does not occur, cases of respiratory diseases in the house become more frequent, the microclimate in the premises worsens. Exceeding the permissible humidity level negatively affects building and finishing materials, reducing their service life, deteriorating their appearance and technical characteristics.
Natural supply and exhaust ventilation is especially important in areas such as kitchens, bathrooms and toilets. The system performs the following functions:
- softens the temperature regime;
- removes harmful microorganisms and dust from the premises;
- prevents the appearance of mold and mildew, developing due to exceeding the normal level of humidity;
- removes unpleasant odors.
Natural air conditioning is present in any room, regardless of the material of construction or the number of storeys of the building.
Varieties of natural ventilation
There are 3 types of natural ventilation: supply, unorganized and organized. Each species has its own characteristics.
Unorganized
Air enters and leaves the room naturally. Aerodynamic processes occur due to different temperatures in the rooms themselves and on the street, the presence, strength and direction of the wind, changes in atmospheric pressure. Air inflow and exhaust is carried out through the vents in windows and doors, cracks in the walls. This air exchange does not require the organization of special channels or systems. It happens by itself.
Organized
The duct version is made from special holes located above the floor and under the ceiling. Through them, air is removed and inflowed. To create such a structure, you need the exact dimensions of the room, the technical properties of the ventilation ducts, which must be correctly designed even at the stage of building a house.
Supply and exhaust
The main function of natural fresh air ventilation is to provide fresh air from the outside. With the help of an exhaust hood, it is brought out into the street. The emphasis can be placed on any of them.
How correctly a garage, a wooden one-story or apartment building will be cleaned of human waste products depends on its well-being and health, as well as the service life of finishing and building materials.
How the system works
The principle of ventilation is simple: due to the temperature difference outside the window and inside the building, air flows begin to move. The same effect occurs when there is a difference in the pressure of the air column between the upper and lower levels of the building.
You need a normal draft in the exhaust duct system. They start in the rooms, and then they go to the attic, attic or roof. The exhaust air is discharged outside through the ducts. Fresh comes in through open windows, doors, pores in the walls.
Advantages and disadvantages
The following advantages of a natural air conditioning system are highlighted:
- Has no value. No funds are required to organize it. You do not need to buy special equipment; several holes in the walls are enough for the functioning.
- Ease of construction. Since the system is planned at the stage of building the house, its manufacture is part of the construction work.
- The ability to ensure the supply of fresh air inside the room.
- Does not create vibrations, noise.
- Does not require repairs for a long time.
- There is a possibility of combining with other ventilation systems.
However, this system has some disadvantages. For example, air filtration is not possible, as this requires special equipment. It will enter your home uncleaned, cold, or hot (depending on the season). In winter, this is unprofitable, since with constant ventilation, the risk of developing colds increases, and heating costs also increase.
Despite the advantages of the system, it is not able to provide high-quality air exchange. There is not enough of it in the garage or kitchen. If the level of exhaust gas in the room is exceeded, the risk of poisoning increases. If natural gas accumulates in the kitchen, an explosion can occur.
The ease of building the system is considered an advantage, but it needs to be properly designed. If mistakes are made at this stage, ventilation will not be functional.
Air speed and volume
The main task of the ventilation system is to clean indoor air. In order for it to function correctly, the following factors should be considered:
- The difference in temperature inside the rooms and outside the window. The larger it is, the higher the speed and volume of movement of air masses. The maximum productivity of the system is achieved during the cold season.
- Features of the installation of the exhaust pipe. The indicators of atmospheric pressure depend on this. It is lower if the pipe is high. Due to this, the draft of air flows from the room is enhanced.
- Humidity level. If it rises, the air velocity decreases.
The quality of ventilation is influenced by the speed and strength of the wind. If the weather is calm, air exchange becomes weaker.
Features of the arrangement
To equip natural ventilation correctly, you need to take into account SNIP, as well as the following parameters:
- room dimensions;
- room layout diagram;
- construction and finishing materials used (in a wooden house, ventilation is allowed only in the bathroom, in the kitchen and in the basement);
- the number of people who permanently live in the house;
- the presence of opening windows.
The channels must run along the inner walls. Grilles for outlet openings are installed in the bathroom and in the kitchen. Fresh air enters through the rooms. The ventilation ducts must have the same cross-section along their entire length. For efficient operation, it is not necessary to make a large number of bends in the system.Even if they are, the transitions to them are smooth.
If the house has a stove or fireplace, the chimney can be used as ventilation. The air conditioning system must be made without mistakes. If the building has several floors, ventilation is provided at all levels. If the holes are located too high or too low, the air exchange becomes slower.
A ventilation system is needed in every living or technical room. Thanks to her, a favorable microclimate is created in the house, so design rules cannot be neglected.
