The houses called Khrushchevs were built in the 60s and 70s of the last century. They were designed and built according to an accelerated program, which is why they did not take into account many factors related to the duration of operation. Now the technological process allows the use of modern equipment in houses, for which the old ventilation is not designed to work. To choose the right elements of the system, you need to understand how ventilation functions in a five-story building. The schemes and layout of the canals are determined by the number of storeys.
Ventilation system device
In low-rise Khrushchev buildings, ventilation was designed to work in the environment. Air masses enter the apartments and displace the stagnant stream. A ventilation duct is brought out to each floor. Due to the symmetry of the layout of the building, you can install the simplest system that runs near the kitchen and toilet. On the top floor, the pipes are combined into a common shaft and bring air out into the street.
The main problems associated with the operation of ventilation:
- Poor performance of the entire system in Khrushchev. If it is noted in many apartments, the source of the malfunction is in the shaft or outlet.
- Low efficiency one floor at a time. The reason - the interfloor canal clogged.
- Problems with the withdrawal from one apartment. The main reason is the clogging of the outlet duct.
The first two problems are eliminated by the management company or HOA.
If the channel is clogged in one apartment, you can clean it. For this, the grating is removed and the channel pipe leading into the shaft is blown through. You should also clean the grate itself. If there is no result, you need to contact the management company, since the problems may be related to the mine.
Basic schemes
In Khrushchev, two types of ventilation are used, the choice of which depends on the number of floors.
If the house has several floors, individual ventilation is created. The plan includes the following elements:
- Outlets. They are displayed in the kitchen and bathroom. Ventilation is used in other rooms.
- Vertical shaft up to the roof.
- Outlet.
- Channels.
Also common is the interfloor ventilation scheme in the Khrushchev building of 5 floors. The channel is designed for several apartments per floor. Further, all the air from it enters the general ventilation mine.
Ventilation in the kitchen
A kitchen gas water heater is responsible for heating water in most Khrushchevs. It contains a large amount of explosive gas, therefore, its operation and the creation of a ventilation system must take into account the following features:
- It is recommended to constantly ventilate the room. It is better that the window is always ajar.
- The column must not be covered with brickwork or placed in a cabinet.
- When installing doors, a gap must be made in the lower part with an area of at least 0.02 sq.m.
- The hood for the gas column in Khrushchev is selected in accordance with the power of the device.
Compliance with the listed requirements and the use of quality equipment will reduce the risk of gas leakage and explosion to a minimum.Thanks to good ventilation, the hot air that appears when using the column will become saturated with vapors, become heavier and squeeze gases upward. From there, they enter the ventilation duct and are discharged through the window.
To eliminate unpleasant odors and remove dirty air, a hood is installed in the Khrushchev in the kitchen. It is mounted directly above the hob to capture all treated air masses.
Ventilation in the bathroom
Bathroom and toilet are rooms with high humidity and a large accumulation of hot water. The only way to remove air is ventilation, so it must always be in good working order.
The air in the bathroom heats up, rises upward and goes into ventilation. For air exchange, a ventilation shaft is made, designed for a toilet and a bath. If the apartment has a separate bathroom, a hole is created in the adjacent wall.
Ways to improve ventilation with your own hands
The ventilation installed in the Khrushchev may not be enough for high-quality air exchange. Then the systems are supplemented with various technical means: hoods or fans. You can install them yourself, and it is better to entrust the calculations by which the equipment will be selected to a specialist. The wrong choice threatens to disrupt air exchange and moisture retention, which can lead to mold and mildew. The gas water heater and hood in the kitchen in Khrushchev must have the appropriate performance.
If the system is in good working order, but its efficiency is low, fans are installed. There are two types of devices:
- Supply air. They are installed in walls and windows in any position except opposite to the outlet.
- Exhaust. Draws dirty air into the ventilation duct. Placed in the outlet. They need to be covered with a grill.
For an additional flow of oxygen, extracts are used in Khrushchev. They are used when the system is in good working order, but its capacity is not enough due to the use of modern devices.
A supply valve is also installed at the point of air supply. It does not interfere with air exchange, while preventing dirty air from getting back into the room. It also prevents condensation from forming. It is installed only in those places where there is a high risk of moisture accumulation - radiators, stoves, columns. Works on the principle of local ventilation.
Ensuring air circulation in the apartment
Cleaning the channels is not enough to obtain a normal distribution of air masses throughout the apartment. For the smooth movement of air, you need to remove the thresholds of the interior doors so that there is a gap of 3 cm under them.Also, at the bottom of the door, you can drill several holes with a diameter of about 1.5 cm and cover them with a lattice. In the bathroom and toilet, holes are made with a slope inward.
If there are plastic windows in the house, it is necessary to constantly leave a small gap of 1-2 mm for natural air circulation. This method has its drawbacks in the winter season, as the gap can be covered with frost.
Window fans, also called valves, are used to upgrade the circuit. They are mounted on a window sash or in a wall. It is recommended to install wall valves behind radiators. They can be equipped with various sensors and filters for additional air purification.
