An exhaust umbrella is a necessary element of the ventilation system, with the help of which it is possible to completely remove the smells of burning and food from the kitchen. Structurally, the umbrella is a dome that is located above the stove. There are grease traps (special filters) inside the exhaust element, which are installed at an angle of 45 degrees. Professional models are equipped with spark arrestors, fans and even backlighting.
Materials for making an exhaust hood for the kitchen
Two types of steel are used to make a kitchen dome:
- stainless;
- galvanized.
Material thickness varies from 0.5 to 1 mm.
Both types of material are hygienic and resistant to aggressive environments. At the same time, galvanized steel will cost the buyer a little less than stainless steel. The anti-corrosion properties of the galvanized steel exhaust hood are provided by a thin layer of zinc on top. Moreover, such elements can be painted in any color.
Stainless steel equipment has improved performance characteristics:
- not afraid of deformation;
- has no cracks and pores of metal, is not prone to the growth of bacteria on the inner walls.
For the manufacture of stainless steel umbrellas, two types of steel are used:
- AISI 430. It is a ferritic steel that is resistant to temperature changes. Umbrellas made of this material can be matte, mirror or polished surface.
- AISI 304. Low carbon steel. Resistant to aggressive media (acids, alkalis) and extremely high temperatures. Often it can withstand up to +900 degrees. Therefore, stainless steel ventilation umbrellas are more often used in the food industry, in catering establishments and in chemical laboratories.
Both types of material do not corrode.
Varieties of exhaust umbrellas
All exhaust domes for the ventilation system are classified into several types.
By the principle of work
There are two types of dome installations:
- Exhaust. They work only to remove polluted air from the room. They act on the principle of suction of contaminated air masses and their transportation into the air duct. The exhaust element requires a separate supply ventilation system in the room.
- Supply and exhaust. These designs cope with the removal of dirty air from the room and with the supply of fresh air back. Such devices are especially relevant for professional kitchens. They allow you to remove fumes and food odors from the room, as well as high humidity.
In the supply and extract versions of the hoods, the exhaust function prevails over the supply function.
By appointment
Ventilation umbrellas can be household and industrial. The first ones have a wall structure, since the slab in the house is mainly located against the wall. Household models are equipped with simple filters made of special paper.
Industrial umbrellas have impressive dimensions, a wide variety of grease filters, spark arrestor mesh, etc.
By construction type
There are wall and island umbrellas. The first option is to be installed only at one of the walls of the kitchen. The second allows you to place it in any area of the kitchen under the ceiling, directly above the stove.More often, for full ventilation of the kitchen, island models are mounted together with the hob in the center of the room.
There is also an exhaust hood-transition. Outwardly, it has the shape of a truncated cone or pyramid. Mount over hearths with open fire.
By type of installation
The hood for the hood can be:
- Embedded. As a rule, these are household models. They are mounted in the lower part of the kitchen cabinet. Such models are especially convenient for maintaining the overall interior of the kitchen and its proportions. The umbrella and the exhaust pipe are not visible to prying eyes because of the cabinet.
- Flat. Outwardly, they do not even resemble an exhaust umbrella. They work on the principle of air recirculation, cleaning dirty air and supplying it back to the room. Flat umbrellas have a minimum power and can only be used for domestic purposes.
- Dome. These are the very same industrial umbrellas that are able to cope with large volumes of polluted air. They have high power. They are often even equipped with a filter clogging control system and a remote control.
For household use, it is better to choose an umbrella for the interior design of the kitchen.
Advantages and disadvantages
Stainless and galvanized exhaust hoods have a number of advantages:
- resistance to humid environments and corrosion;
- inertness to temperature extremes;
- resistance to mechanical stress, no deformation, even despite the small thickness of the sheet;
- heat resistance;
- relatively low weight without the risk of weighing down ceilings or walls.
- inertness to aggressive media (acids, alkalis, etc.).
A relative disadvantage can be considered the need for regular replacement of grease traps. But without them, the ventilation system will not work fully.
Specifications
The industrial hood hood belongs to the professional equipment. Therefore, it is evaluated according to the following technical characteristics:
- Production material: galvanized or stainless steel.
- Dimensions: diameter of the exhaust pipe, height of the dome, dimensions of the dome. More often, for the ZVO (oval or round umbrella), the section of the exhaust pipe is 350 mm, for the ZVP (rectangular umbrella) - 250 mm. The width of the dome is from 50 to 120 cm. There are also individual orders for the manufacture of an exhaust dome with larger or smaller parameters according to the customer's drawings.
- Total weight.
- Functionality: exhaust or supply and exhaust.
- Power.
All technical characteristics of the exhaust hood are indicated by the manufacturer on the original packaging.
How to choose the right exhaust hood
The selection of an exhaust hood is based on several important parameters. First of all, it is necessary to decide on the purpose of the equipment - household or industrial. For a home dome, everything is relatively clear - they choose by the size of the slab and design, as well as by the principle of operation (recirculating or compatible with the ventilation shaft).
For professional domes, the choice is based on the following criteria:
- Purpose - exhaust or supply and exhaust hood.
- Placement area: against the wall or under the ceiling. If the hob is located in the center of the kitchen, it is better to take an island supply and exhaust hood. For stoves located against the wall, you need to take a wall-mounted exhaust hood with a grease trap.
- Dome dimensions. According to the standards, it should protrude 15-20 cm beyond the hob on each side.
- Dome height and performance. If we compare approximately the same umbrellas (by the size of the filter cross-section), the productivity will be higher for the equipment that is higher. The optimum suspension height of the dome from the floor level is 2.0 m. Therefore, with high ceilings in the room, the height of the dome should correspond to them.
- The power of the umbrella. You can use a simple method to determine it.From the technical data sheet of the hob, check the power of each stove or burner. Sum them up. In this way, the desired capacity of the equipment is determined. If necessary, rounding is done in a slightly larger direction.
- The number of connected air ducts. For a household model, one is enough. For industrial lengths from 160 cm - you need 4 (2 for the exhaust and 2 for the inflow).
- Noise level. Optimal for humans is noise up to 40 dB. If the manufacturer specifies a larger parameter, you will have to install noise absorbers.
As for the rest, exhaust hoods are selected according to additional options - the possibility of remote control, lighting, etc. For hearths with open fire, a dome with a spark extinguishing mesh is required.
The nuances of self-installation
The installation of an exhaust dome is done in several ways. Which one to choose depends on the equipment model.
- Installation on anchors to the wall. For this, 2-3 holes are drilled in the back wall of the dome at an equal distance and the device is fixed to the wall. In this case, the panel should be perfectly flat. If the umbrella has a large canopy overhang (more than 1 m), you can additionally attach it to the ceiling.
- Mounting on ropes and chains. To do this, the brackets must be welded to the upper part of the dome in 3 or 4 places, depending on the shape of the umbrella. Also, the brackets are mounted in the ceiling. The dome is suspended by ropes or chains to the desired height. This mounting method is wobbly. The dome remains moderately mobile.
- Installation on studs and collets. This method can be used to install island and wall models. This method is suitable for rooms with a ceiling height of no more than 4.35 m due to the standard length of the stud of 2 m.To install the dome at four points along the edges, holes are drilled or ears (hinges) are welded under the studs Ф8 - Ф10 mm. In this case, the studs are fixed to the ceiling in advance. It remains to connect all the elements by raising the umbrella to the desired height.
- Installation on base frames. They are initially welded, relying on the dimensions of the lower part of the dome (its section). It is advisable to cook stainless steel frames. The finished frame is installed on the floor, securely fixed and then an exhaust umbrella is supported on it.
If you have doubts about your abilities when installing an exhaust canopy, it is better to invite a specialist. The wizard will help with the choice of equipment, its installation and further maintenance.
