The ventilation system in a private house must ensure the flow of fresh air into the entire structure. For this, it is necessary to create an effective scheme taking into account the characteristics of the building. Ventilation can be carried out through the attic or directly through the walls. When creating a system on your own, you need to use regulatory requirements and take into account the nuances of the organization. It is also necessary to figure out in advance whether it is possible to bring the hood to the attic in a particular room and how to do it more efficiently.
Requirements of regulatory enactments
The SNiP indicates the required air exchange values for each room, as well as the main characteristics of the ventilation system for all types of roofs.
Basic air exchange requirements:
- basement rates are 5 cubic meters / hour;
- living quarters 40 cubic meters / hour;
- bathroom and toilet 60 cubic meters / hour, a separate air duct is also required;
- kitchen with electric stove 60 cubic meters / hour;
- kitchen with gas stove 80 cubic meters / hour.
In the bathroom and kitchen, it is necessary to make an additional air duct and a forced ventilation system.
The lack of a ventilation system in the house can threaten the formation of fungus, mold and other negative factors under the gable roof, caused by excess moisture. In winter, frost and ice form, which can also lead to the destruction of wooden structures. All systems are equipped with a grate, which acts as a filter that protects the channel from debris, dirt and insects. Its size is calculated in advance and may differ at the entrance and exit.
Conditions for creating ventilation in the attic
To ensure an optimal climate in the building, the air within the attic should be changed at least twice a day. This will avoid the formation of excess moisture. To bring a flexible or rigid ventilation duct to the attic, the following requirements must be met:
- It is imperative to mount a ventilation outlet to the street. Then all the liquid will be discharged outside the building.
- In the case of creating an attic, there must be its own ventilation system for the attic space, independent of the house.
- A supply and exhaust system with a recuperator should be installed in the attic if there is a permanent power source.
- It is necessary to adhere to the standards established by the official bodies in SNiP and GOST.
The system in an apartment building can be forced, natural or combined. Depending on the type chosen, the methods of output to the attic will differ. The choice of the optimal scheme depends on the area and purpose of the premises, the methods of air outlet to the outside, the type of tiles or other coating and other individual characteristics.
Natural ventilation
The classic type of ventilation is natural. It works according to the physical principle - cold air is heavier than warm air. The heated air masses rise as high as possible along the duct for the hood, and the cold ones go into the house. The basis of this scheme is the ventilation windows in the attic.
When creating a granite under-roof ventilation system, all air exhaust ducts can be combined into one network in whole or in part.The removal of air masses ensures the operation of fan risers, aerators and roof valves.
If the attic does not have heating, the best option would be to combine all ventilation pipes and discharge waste from them through a single shaft. If the system is designed and assembled correctly, condensation will not accumulate in the ventilation of a cold metal roof attic.
Combined output
An alternative to natural circulation is the combined method of removing air masses. The following solutions can be used:
- Conduct a separate outlet to the attic of exhaust pipes from the kitchen and bathroom. This creates a forced draft.
- Creation of a separate outlet to the attic with the ability to connect to a fan riser.
Such methods of ventilation of the attic in a private house are the simplest and most effective in the absence of a supply and exhaust system with a recuperator. They can be used with any corrugated board and roof finish, as well as triangular surfaces.
In combined systems, the fans can be operated for extraction or supply of air masses. In the first case, fresh air enters on its own and takes up all the free space. In the second case, the air from the street displaces the mass stagnant in the house.
If the attic is used as another living space, it is necessary to create a space between it and the attic. Fresh air moves through it and enters all rooms. Usually air vents in the attic are placed under the eaves, where they are able to perform their functions most effectively.
Supply and exhaust ventilation with a recuperator
The simplest, but most expensive way to create ventilation is the supply and exhaust system. To create it, you need to install a special device responsible for the movement of air masses, which is called a recuperator. The device also heats air masses to a predetermined temperature, which ensures an optimal microclimate inside the room.
Heaters generate heat that is wasted and is essentially a waste. Thanks to the recuperator, it can be spent on heating the air. Cold air streams from the street are drawn in by the device, cleaned of impurities and heated from warmer masses. As a result, heated air enters the house.
When creating a system, it is imperative to create an enforcement. Then the air flows will enter the room and be removed through the running fans. Otherwise, due to the high aerodynamic resistance, the recuperator will not work.
Valves and dampers are used to properly distribute air along the entire length of the duct. At the entrance and exit areas, nets of various sizes should be installed to protect the system from dust and debris, as well as birds and insects. The cell size of each lattice will be different. They put a smaller one at the entrance.
System connection with recuperation
Ventilation of a cold attic with recuperators must have a constant source of energy for smooth operation. In the event of a power outage or power interference, it is better to choose a different ventilation system.
Modern recuperators are devices that can be programmed and create a specific operating mode. This is done using the buttons on the control panel. The price of such devices is higher, but the ease of use makes them attractive to the consumer.
In such systems, a special tray should be created into which the condensate will drain.
In winter, an additional heating device should be installed on the line. It will help the recuperator work and prevent moisture from freezing.
