Arrangement of a water supply and sewerage system in private and country houses is a laborious process that requires a lot of physical and financial costs. It is not enough just to develop a source of clean water. It is necessary to establish the process of its delivery to the surface. Only special submersible pumps can cope with this. The most common are centrifugal types of water stations; they work by rotating a special wheel.
Purpose and principle of operation
The principle of operation of the equipment is extremely simple. With the active rotation of the two discs, a rarefied pressure zone is created, which draws in the liquid through the inlet pipes.
The primitive technology of work allows you to pump large volumes of water, providing the required pressure in water taps. The advantage of the simplicity of the design also lies in the minimal likelihood of breakdowns. Downhole units of the centrifugal type have high power, therefore they are able to lift liquid from great depths, while in operation they are practically silent.
The equipment has one drawback - susceptibility to impurities. The quality of the water flow must be high, otherwise solid impurities entering the hydraulic pump will damage it. Before installing this type of pump at home, they analyze the water in the well. We'll have to install vibration analogs if solid impurities are more than 100g / cubic meter.
Pump manufacturers
There are more than two dozen manufacturers of pumping equipment on the Russian market. The demanded borehole electric pumps include:
- Aquarius (Russia);
- Water cannon and Jumbo (Russia);
- Whirlwind (Russian brand, however, assembly takes place in China);
- Vilo (Germany);
- ZDS (Italy).
In terms of cost and assembly quality, pumps for drinking water wells Vodomet or Aquarius are acceptable. The Russian manufacturer, at the development stage, adapted the equipment to Russian conditions. European recognized brands have long established themselves as a guarantee of quality and high performance, but the price is not suitable for everyone.
Types of injection units
Structurally, centrifugal pumps are:
- semi-submersible;
- superficial;
- submersible.
Surface equipment works on the principle of the suction effect. They are installed on the ground next to the source; water is pumped out using a hose. The process of using and maintaining this type of equipment is greatly simplified. However, in terms of technical characteristics, they are inferior to submersible models. A medium-power surface pump is capable of providing a head of 30 m, and pumping out liquid at a depth of no more than 12 meters. As practice shows, in most cases this is not enough.
Submersible pumps are shaped like an elongated cylinder. They are mounted directly in the water source; during operation, the unit must be in a humid environment. This kind of well centrifugal pump is in great demand due to its high power and reliability.If the water depth is 20 meters or more, the option of installing a submersible pump is almost always considered.
Semi-submersible equipment is not very popular. The unit is based on a float stabilizer, due to which it is possible to install the pump in a semi-submersible state (the working and suction parts are submerged in water, and the engine is above the water surface).
Models of semi-submersible pumps are larger and weaker in power than submersible units. They are used only in extreme cases, since they are difficult to install and operate, they are characterized by a large diameter.
By the number of stages, centrifugal pumps are divided into multistage and single-stage. The latter consist of only one impeller. But it can be impressive in size. Single-stage units are rarely used and, as a rule, only in surface pumps.
The multistage equipment contains several impellers on each of its axles. Deep submersible pumps can pump water simultaneously with 7 wheels. And this is not the limit. Engineering calculations and observations show that the device performs better and wear less when many wheels are used at the same time.
By the type of immersion depth, working position, water centrifugal stations are divided into deep and standard. This classification applies to submersible models, since surface pumps, by their definition, can produce liquid from a maximum of 12 meters. Standard models are capable of working at depths of up to 50 meters. Depth units can lift water from 100-150 meters.
Criterias of choice
When purchasing pumping equipment, you need to correctly calculate the required performance and power. It is worth refraining from buying an unnecessarily powerful unit, since most of the time it will work idle. Excessive power consumption and constant switching on / off disables the equipment.
For the optimal choice of a borehole pump, you need to know:
- The height of the lift, that is, the immersion depth of the equipment, as well as the distance between the ground and the highest water outlet.
- The required volume of water that the well will have to deliver.
- The presence or absence of an additional pumping station for pumping water and a hydraulic accumulator.
- Casing diameter.
- The length of the water supply system is not only in the house, but also outside.
Prices for submersible centrifugal pumps for wells in the Russian market start from 7-9 thousand rubles and this is far from the limit.
Installation and connection, features of operation
When the well is ready, you need to start installing pumping equipment. The installation algorithm is as follows:
- A pressure hose is connected to the pumping station, which is also connected to the power cable using clamps.
- To immerse the equipment to the required height, a metal cable or a nylon cord is attached to it. The lower part of the pump casing is equipped with a lug.
- The unit is lowered into the well and the upper part of the cord is attached to a beam installed on the surface.
- A power cable is connected to the control unit of the station and a test run is carried out.
In order for the equipment to serve for a long time without loss of performance and power, it is necessary to observe the operating features, which are announced in the instructions for use. These include the temperature and composition of the pumped medium, the degree of contamination of the liquid, as well as the stability of the power supply.
Advantages and disadvantages
Centrifugal equipment has many advantages over other pump types. The main ones are: small size and weight, high performance and power, durability and reliability, the ability to work with liquids that contain solid particles.
If we talk about the shortcomings, then it is necessary to highlight the difficulties in maintenance and repair, especially when it comes to semi-submersible or submersible pumps. Due to operation in a humid environment, the housing must remain sealed.
When buying pumping equipment, you need to familiarize yourself with all the accompanying documentation and warranty card. It is recommended to purchase from the official representatives of the manufacturers of pumping equipment or in specialized stores.
