Water from a well or well contains hardness salts, iron, mechanical suspensions. Impurities cannot always be identified visually. Dissolved iron appears after oxidation in air. Plumbing fixtures are covered with a reddish coating, household appliances deteriorate, and people's health suffers. A filter for deferrizing water from a well will eliminate all problems. When choosing a model, take into account the chemical composition of the liquid, the performance and functionality of the installation.
How iron gets into water
Several layers of soil are located above the aquifers. Moisture passing through them dissolves and captures particles of minerals, rocks, ores. In addition to natural impurities, the concentration of iron is increased by discharges of wastewater from chemical enterprises, residues of fertilizers from fields.
The metal is in liquid in various forms, depending on the valence, the organoleptic perception changes. Iron happens:
- Divalent - soluble in water, does not affect transparency.
- Trivalent - insoluble hydroxide produces a reddish color.
- Colloidal - fine suspended matter that cannot be filtered.
- Bacterial - symbiosis with bacteria manifests itself in the form of a film or jelly-like substance.
- Organic - the metal binds to organic molecules to form chelates. Gives the liquid a yellow-brown color.
The concentration of iron is detected by analysis in the laboratory. Usually several types of metal compounds are present at the same time.
Why water purification is necessary
The iron content of 0.3 mg / l is considered the norm. In some wells, the indicator reaches 1-5 mg / l. In this case, the liquid has a pronounced metallic taste, brownish color. A filter for ferrous water from the well will remove impurities and make it drinkable. There are several ways to purify a liquid, which are selected depending on the degree of pollution and financial capabilities.
Types of filters for deferrization
Filtration units use an oxidation reaction to remove impurities. The process takes place under the influence of oxygen, chemicals or catalysts. When oxidized, ferrous iron becomes insoluble and precipitates. You should familiarize yourself with the most popular iron removers for private houses and summer cottages.
Aeration
The treatment of water with a stream of air leads to rapid oxidation of the metal and its precipitation in the form of flakes. Systems are divided into two categories: pressurized and non-pressurized. They act on a similar principle. Air is blown into the container with water by the compressor. Clean water comes from the bottom third of the tank. It is supplied to the water supply by a surface pump.The sediment from the bottom of the tank is discharged into the sewer. Aeration is a safe and effective cleaning method. The installation works without chemical reagents. The aeration process removes hydrogen sulfide from water.
Ion exchange
Filters filled with ion exchange resin eliminate two problems at once - they soften the liquid and remove iron from it. In the course of the reaction, iron, magnesium and calcium ions are replaced by sodium ions. Small installations have a flask with a replaceable cartridge. Automatic systems are produced in the form of columns with backfill. The regeneration of the synthetic granular filling takes place with the help of a sodium chloride solution. Plus ionic filters - a rare replacement of the filler, every 5-7 years.
Reverse osmosis
The use of a semi-permeable membrane allows for the most efficient cleaning. It allows only water molecules to pass through, cutting off all impurities. Deposits are automatically disposed of down the drain. The installation consists of several stages of filtration. It carries out preliminary mechanical cleaning, as well as post-filtration with a carbon sorbent. The reverse osmosis system is completed with a separate tap and storage tank. This is an expensive option, which is installed in a home with permanent residence.
Catalytic
The filters are made of fiberglass columns, inside of which there is a special filling. When passing through the granules, the iron is oxidized and converted into a precipitate. Particles of metal are deposited on the granules. Contamination from the load is flushed out by a stream of liquid that is discharged into the sewer. The units are used for cold water only.
The addition of chemicals to the water speeds up the oxidation process. The reaction catalyst is hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite. The precipitated iron is removed. In everyday life, choir directors are rarely used. Working with them requires precise dosage and purchase costs of chemicals.
Top manufacturers
Geyser
Installations of the Geyser company simultaneously soften the liquid along with iron removal. The first stage is mechanical cleaning of suspensions. At the second stage, organic dissolved iron, manganese, and humic acids are removed in a column filled with cation exchange resin. Finishing preparation takes place in a flask with a sorbent. The price of such an installation is from 40,000 rubles.
Aquaphor
The Aquaphor WaterBoss 700 system performs filtration according to three parameters: mechanical sludge cleaning, deferrization and softening. The column of the device uses a backfill of ion-exchange resin, which restores its properties after washing. The capacity of the plant is 1.5 cubic liters per hour. The filter is designed for iron concentrations up to 10 mg / l. The average cost of a product is 70,000 rubles.
Atoll
The popular manufacturer of reverse osmosis systems offers filters with 4 or 5 stages of cleaning. Kits differ in performance and storage tank sizes. A common factor for all models is the high degree of dirt removal. The use of a post carbon filter improves the taste of the water. The system is easy to maintain, it is enough to change cartridges 2 times a year.
Installation of a filtration system
When choosing a filtration system, take into account its technical characteristics, cost, dimensions and customer reviews. Main criteria:
- performance;
- permissible concentration of impurities;
- volume and type of backfill;
- operating pressure.
It is better to entrust the installation of complex multistage filtering units to professionals. If the installation is done by hand, remember to use a mechanical filter. It traps large particles and extends the life of expensive cartridges. Due to its large dimensions, the installation of the pressure aeration system is carried out in a separate room.A set of reverse osmosis filters is placed under the sink. When installing the units, it is planned to drain the contaminated water into the sewer.
DIY iron removal filter
High prices for filters for purifying water from a well from iron, manganese and other impurities force the owners of sources to look for alternative methods. The simplest of them is the settling of the liquid. After 12-14 hours, iron flakes settle to the bottom of the container, and the water can be used for domestic needs.
A home-made filter for purifying water from iron from a well is a budget option that requires low costs for the purchase of installation elements. It is necessary to purchase a plastic container with a volume of 200 liters or more. It is supplied with water from a well. To enrich the liquid with oxygen, a compressor is installed or the flow is fed through the watering cans. The storage tank must have a lid, air is supplied through the holes drilled in it.
The supply from the well and the drainage of water into the house is carried out with plastic pipes. The entrance is located at the top, and the drain is about 50 cm from the bottom. The deposited sediment is removed through a tap, cut in at the bottom level. Cleaning takes place 1-2 times a week. The rusty sediment is drained, the container is washed. In case of severe contamination, several cleaning stages are established.
Deironing water from a well or well can be done by any of the listed methods. The cost of buying a filter will pay off by preserving the health of family members, the excellent condition of household appliances and plumbing.
