Making a well filter with your own hands

If an autonomous water supply system is built on a personal plot, most often water is taken from a well or well, the quality of water in which depends on the depth and composition of the aquifer. If we are not talking about artesian wells, but about sandy ones, then they must be equipped with cleaning filters at the bottom of the casing.

How to choose the filter you want

Before you make a downhole filter with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the types and purpose of cleaning elements. The well fluid is purified in two stages - with a filter in the well and with a surface filter, which is cut into the water main. The device consists of three main parts:

• Sump is a cavity designed for the accumulation of solid particles of sand, silt and soil. The approximate length of the tank is 0.5 meters.
• The filter elements consist of numerous small-sized openings in the pipe, as well as external materials that are attached to it.
• Above-filter section - a part that plays the role of fittings when installing a source on the casing.

To choose the right purification filter, you need to understand what requirements it must meet. Well water rises to the surface, overcoming layers of soil and other low-flowing rocks, as a result of which its composition is enriched with foreign impurities, which do not always have a beneficial effect on the performance of expensive equipment and human health. To prevent unpleasant phenomena, it is necessary to figure out what type of construction filters are and which one is preferable to install.

• A perforated device equipped with a mesh is the most popular type. It is a polypropylene or metal pipe with a large number of regularly spaced through holes. It is easy to make a filter for a well with your own hands from a plastic or metal pipe, but the design has one significant drawback - low productivity due to the large flow of water.

  

• The slotted structure has a high flow capacity, making the system efficient and efficient. The design features are similar to the previous version, except that notches are used instead of holes. Water penetrates through the notches located on the pipe, and solid particles and other contaminants settle on the walls. The thickness is determined based on the concentration and size of solids in the well water. Slotted screen is the preferred option for sandy shale aquifers.
• The gravel filter is one of the most budgetary and easy-to-implement designs. It is a cushion made of fine gravel. They are used, as a rule, together with a strainer on sandy or limestone sources of shallow depth.
• The wirewound filter design is an upgraded version of the strainer. Instead of a mesh, the pipe is wrapped with a special wedge-shaped wire made of stainless steel.

You can make all the listed types of filters with your own hands, the costs are usually small.

Required tools and materials

Before proceeding with the work, you need to prepare all the necessary work equipment and consumables. To make a cleaning structure, you will need:

• drill;
• electric drill;
• drills for it with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm;
• gas cutter;
• milling cutter;
• welding;
• roulette;
• stapler.

The list of materials will depend on the type of construction chosen.

How to make a filter for a well for sand with your own hands

For the primary purification of well water, perforated or slotted types of filters are most often installed. The advantages are efficiency and ease of manufacture. The technology is as follows:

1. Prepare a plastic or metal pipe of the appropriate diameter. It should be less than the diameter of the casing, the length depends on the depth of the aquifer. It is also important to purchase a mesh made of stainless steel or brass with small meshes.
2. A section with a length of at least 10 cm is marked on the prepared pipe. It will be intended for a sump.
3. A little higher markup is made for the perforated part. The holes are staggered, the distance between them should be at least 1-3 cm. The more holes, the higher the throughput of the structure.
4. Using a drill, holes are made from bottom to top at an angle of no more than 60 degrees.
5. All debris at the end of the work is removed, the pipe is covered with a perforated mesh. Its location is fixed with rivets.
6. On the side where the sump is located, the pipe is closed with a plug.

The area of ​​the holes should be at least a quarter of the total area of ​​the filter.

Recommendations for Wire, Gravel and Strainer Fabrication

For high performance of purification structures, it is required to correctly select the size of the cells on the mesh or holes on plastic, metal pipes. This will require sifting solid particles from well water through possible mesh options. Preference should be given to the mesh that has retained more than 50% of impurities.

Before installing the mesh, it is important to make the case by winding steel wire at intervals of 2-3 cm. The structure is fixed with a soldering iron or special adhesive. The latter option is used for fabric and plastic products.

If you need to build a gravel bed, it is important to choose the right fraction - the size of the cleaning pad. It should be several times larger than the size of mechanical debris. River pebbles can also be used instead of gravel.

Common mistakes

Creating a cleaning structure with your own hands is a painstaking work that takes a lot of time and effort. It is possible that people without experience in the process of creating a system will make mistakes. To avoid them, you should familiarize yourself with the main mistakes that people who are inexperienced in these matters make:

• The cut holes are too small. This negatively affects the throughput of the structure. The holes are quickly clogged with solid impurities, as a result of which the filter stops functioning.
• Incorrect measurement of the pipe diameter. At this stage of manufacturing, special vigilance must be exercised, otherwise the pipe may simply not enter the casing.

In reality, much more errors are allowed, the most common are indicated. It is almost impossible to fix them, more often you have to re-purchase new consumables.