Borehole pumps are lowered to a sufficiently large depth, therefore, without some accessories, their installation is impossible. The list of components is small. Each of them has its own specific functions, therefore, accessories cannot be replaced with other products.
Types of components for a borehole pump
Additional elements for borehole pumps can be divided into two categories:
- automation and electrical;
- mechanical part and valves.
The first includes wire for borehole pumps and equipment control automation. To the second cable, hose or plastic pipe, check valve. All pumping units of this type are equipped with a waterproof cable, but it is short (the length does not exceed 4 m), which is not enough to ensure the immersion of the device to a great depth.
Electrical cable
The building materials market offers a wide range of waterproof electrical cables. Anyone will do. But it is necessary to choose a product according to the cross-section of the wire that came with the pump. This parameter is necessarily indicated in the passport of the pumping unit and it is usually adjusted to the power of the unit.
The connection of two pieces of cable is made using a special filler sleeve or heat shrink sleeve. The main task of the work manufacturer is not to confuse the wire cores. Therefore, the purchased piece of cable must be matched to the color of the cores with the supplied one.
The immersion depth of the pump must be taken into account. The length of the purchased piece of water-submersible cable for the borehole pump must be not less than the depth, taking into account the length of the wire with which the pumping equipment is equipped.
Control automation
The main task of the pump automation is to ensure the safe operation of the latter. The automatic part controls the processes, turns off the pump if there is not enough water in the well or the device's electric motor suddenly overheats.
The automation includes:
- Control block;
- a relay that controls the water pressure inside the pump;
- voltage stabilizer, with the help of which the network loads acting on the electric motor of the unit are equalized;
- a device that turns off the pump if it began to run dry.
All automation elements are located outside the pump housing and are mounted inside the house or annex to the cottage. Usually this type of spare part is sold as a kit. It is important to choose the right one according to the power of the pumping equipment.
Hose or pipe
There is a huge assortment of hoses for submersible pumps in which it is easy to get lost. But there are certain criteria that can help in the initial selection stage.
The first step is to remove the watering hoses from the list. They can be used only in the warm season and connected to the pump through a tee. They must not be buried in the ground.
For a borehole pump, the best option is rigid hoses that can easily withstand various loads: natural, technical. You should pay attention to the following parameters:
- The degree of hardness. Products should not bend, shrink, expand in volume under water pressure during operation. Their dimensional parameters should not be changed. Rigidity of hoses is given in different ways: reinforcement with wire, corrugation, increase in wall thickness.
- Frost resistance.This criterion is taken into account only if the well and the pump will be used all year round. The hose should not change its dimensions and technical characteristics under the influence of low temperatures.
- Since the autonomous water supply system is also intended to provide the house with drinking water, for this it is necessary to choose a hose that will meet sanitary and hygienic standards. Do not use rubber hoses, which will impart an unpleasant rubbery taste and smell to the water. In addition, over time, rubber begins to decompose under the influence of water, which will negatively affect the quality of the distilled liquid.
If we take into account all the claims to the hoses, there are only two types left: a product made of low pressure polyethylene (HDPE) and the so-called silicone sleeve. The former are preferable because they are the cheapest products and fully meet the required characteristics. Among all plastic pipes, polyethylene pipes bend well, therefore they are sold in coils 50 or 100 m long. Using a flexible HDPE pipe, you can cut it to the required length, which will provide a jointless transport circuit.
The silicone hose meets the sanitary and hygienic standards, but is inferior to the polyethylene hose in terms of rigidity. If the pump head is large enough, the product may not be able to withstand. Therefore, this type of hose is recommended to be used only in the summer water supply system.
Check valve
This type of shut-off valve is installed on the drainage circuit at a distance of 1-1.5 m above the borehole pump. Its task is to prevent water hammer, as well as prevent the water that has filled the hose from flowing back into the well. This makes it possible to save a little electricity, because to raise the water, the pump must first fill the transport artery so that the liquid begins to flow from the plumbing fixtures.
The deeper the well, the longer the water will rise through the pipe. And since the hose is full all the time, the time for supplying fluid is reduced.
Safety rope
A submersible pump in a hydraulic structure must be fixed somehow. It is impossible to install fasteners inside, therefore, the device is suspended from the head of the well, which closes the shaft (shaft) of the structure and acts as a supporting device. Its design has a hook to which a cable is attached.
The pump itself does not hang from a cable. The main fastener is HDPE pipe. At one end it is attached to the pump, the other goes through the head and goes into the house. The cable acts as a safety net in case the plastic pipe breaks or comes loose from the pump. The cable will hold the pumping unit, it can be pulled out by it. Inside the well, the cable hangs without tension. It is not connected with anything except the pump and the head. HDPE pipe and cable are connected together with plastic clamps, as a whole.
There are three types of safety cables for borehole pumps on the market:
- steel;
- from stainless steel;
- nylon rope.
Until recently, the steel cable was used quite often. But inside the well, where the humidity is high, steel quickly corrodes, which reduces the service life of the product. In addition, rusty steel additionally clogs water. Therefore, steel cables were galvanized, which doubled their service life.
Stainless steel wire rope is considered to be the best on the market. The price is high, but this is compensated by the practically unlimited service life and inertness to water.
The simplest safety rope is a nylon rope. It is also called nylon or polyamide. It is presented on the market in only two standard sizes - with a diameter of 5 and 10 mm. If it is necessary to increase the bearing capacity of the product, it is twisted in half or three times.
The disadvantages of the rope are:
- stretching during operation;
- the possibility of breaking off when rubbing in one place.
The product has more advantages:
- when compared with the average load, the polyamide thread is considered very strong, so it will last inside the well for more than a dozen years;
- the rope does not rot or corrode;
- 100% inertness to water - substances that negatively affect the human body will not get into the water from nylon;
- low price.
After the stainless steel cable, the nylon rope is in second place. The main task is to correctly tie it to the hook of the head and the pump lug. To do this, tie a knot and tighten the ends with a plastic clamp.
