How to make a drainage system around the house and on the site

If puddles do not dry out for weeks on the site in spring and autumn, there is water in the basement of the house, fruit trees and garden plants do not grow, but horse sorrel and reeds feel great, then the soil is excessively saturated with moisture. High humidity is the cause of various diseases. The installation of a drainage system around the house will help to reduce the water content of the soil. A well-designed system will work for many years, creating a comfortable environment.

Types and arrangement of drainage systems

To protect the site from waterlogging, it is necessary to organize the drainage of excess water outside the adjoining territory, which comes with precipitation or accumulates at the surface of the earth due to the high level of groundwater. During construction, the price for work on the installation of a drainage system for a house will be determined:

• purpose;
• the depth of the location of the drains;
• the length and method of organizing drainage channels.

Depending on the depth of placement of pipes, drainage is:

• deep - removes groundwater;
• surface - for drainage of rain or melt water.

Installation of a surface drainage system is carried out linearly around a country house, or pointwise in places where water accumulates. In the case of high water cut, it is optimal to combine the two options into a single system. A point drainage device includes: water intakes, drainage pipes or trays with decorative gratings, drainage wells. Linear consists of trays (gutters) with grids as covers, water intakes, sand traps made of durable frost-resistant materials.

The drainage system for a private house is being built in places of the greatest accumulation of water. The device includes: a complex of drains, canals, wells and other drainage structures. Drainage includes horizontal or vertical components. For flooded areas, the installation of combined variants of the drainage system is optimal, the components of which set the price and volume of work. There are the following types of drainage:

• stratal: it is constructed between the aquifer of the soil and the foundation cushion of the building; protects the basement of the house from groundwater, and the foundation from absorbing moisture from the surrounding soil;
• wall-mounted: laid along one wall or along the perimeter of the building close to the foundation deeper than its lower boundary. The main task of installing the drainage system on the site in this case is to prevent water from reaching the foundation of the house, and using intercepting channels to take it outside the territory;
• annular: the drainage system covers a certain contour; the cost of the work depends on the length of the structure; the location of the ring drainage is regulated by the distance to the house (should be no closer than 5 m), the depth of soil freezing, the lower boundary of the foundation (laid 0.5 m deeper); installation of a ring drainage system on the site regulates the level of groundwater inside the circuit, creates comfortable conditions for living or growing plants;
• vertical: dewatering wells equipped with drainage pumps designed to control the level of groundwater, as well as viewing wells for servicing drains; according to the standards, wells are installed at the places of turns, inclines, slopes of the route, as well as at the lower and upper points of the system; the distance between two wells should not exceed 50 meters.

Simultaneously with the choice of the type of drainage on the site, it is necessary to decide where the discharged water will be discharged. A rash approach to drainage can lead to waterlogging of the neighboring area.

Step-by-step technology for installing a drainage system around the house and on the site

The work to create a comfortable environment on your land consists of several stages.

Design

The construction of a drainage system on the site, regardless of the price for the work, should be preceded by the drawing up of a project. This is important even if you plan to dig a drainage well or ditch on your own. It is necessary to take into account many parameters: location, distance, slope of the site to calculate the initial and final depth of the trench. In order for the water to move by gravity, the height difference must be at least 5 mm per 1 m.

The installation of a drainage system of any type is associated with the excavation and movement of a large amount of soil, therefore, it should be planned at the stage of building a house, before carrying out work on landscaping and planting plants.

Preparation of tools and materials

Based on the project, the necessary materials are prepared in the required amount:

• pipes (corrugated flexible or rigid);
• trays, grids, connecting rings, tees, fittings, plugs;
• geosynthetic filters (textiles);
• drainage plastic wells and covers for them;
• concrete or cement, sand, crushed stone or polyethylene filler.

The drainage should stand for several decades, so it is advisable to choose high-quality materials for its construction.

The work of installing the drainage system is not difficult, but laborious, step-by-step technology requires a lot of time and effort. In addition, if the work is carried out on their own, it is necessary to prepare tools:

• bayonet shovels;
• construction level;
• measuring tape;
• pegs, twine for marking;
• a wheelbarrow for transporting soil or rubble;
• hacksaw for metal;
• manual rammer.

The invited specialists, as a rule, carry tools and accessories for work.

Installation

Work on the installation of the drainage system on the site is carried out in accordance with the selected option of the drainage system.

Installation of point drainage:

1. At the points of water collection (for example, under the gutters), pits are dug out according to the dimensions of the water intake with a small margin.
2. At the bottom, a 10 cm thick concrete pad is created, on which a water intake is installed. It should be located 0.5 cm below the surface of the ground or blind area, taking into account the thickness of the gratings. This is done so that water from the drain or the surrounding area can easily enter the drain.
3. The water intake is connected by pipes or trays of the drainage system to the accumulator or sewer.
4. The free space between the wall of the plastic conduit and the trench is filled with concrete to stiffen the structure.
5. Decorative grilles are installed.

Linear surface drainage

• In accordance with the project, the lines of future drainage systems are outlined with pegs and twine. Taking into account the required slope, trenches are dug under the trays with a margin of depth, 10 cm wide.
• The bottom of the channel is compacted, a 10 cm thick concrete pad is created. Trays are installed on it, as well as a sand trap at the lowest point. The parts fit tightly along the grooves, the direction is indicated by the arrows. Installation is controlled by the building level. When connecting trays with a sand trap and then with a drainage well, adapters are used. To insert them, you need to remove the plug from the prepared hole or make a hole with a chisel in the right place. If necessary, the joints are treated with a sealant.
• The concrete is filled in the empty space between the trench wall and the tray. To avoid deformation of the channels, you need to insert decorative grilles wrapped in polyethylene (to maintain cleanliness).

After the concrete has hardened, soil is dumped or rolled lawn is laid along the edges of the trays. The grates are freed from the film.

Cost of work

The cost of installing a drainage system consists of the cost of materials and work to move the soil.

The cost of the work increases significantly with the increase in the depth of the drains. A running meter of a stormwater system laid over the surface costs from 300 rubles. with materials; work on the arrangement of deep drainage is much more expensive - from 1,500 rubles. up to 6000 rubles depending on the depth.

Various companies offer to carry out work on the organization of the drainage system, from the preparation of the project to the improvement of the territory. For example, one of the companies in the Moscow region offers a turnkey installation of a drainage system around a house on a plot of 15 acres at a price of 345,000 rubles. taking into account materials and works.

You can purchase the necessary materials and carry out all the earthworks yourself. It will take a lot of time, but it will save a lot of money. The main thing is to think over everything to the smallest detail so that you do not have to redo it.