How to install a water supply system in a private house

Lucky for private developers who can connect the water supply system of their home to a central water pipe. It will be more difficult for those who organize an autonomous water supply system with water intake from a well or well. The very installation of water supply in a private house does not depend on what type of water intake is used. After all, the pipe layout, the location of consumers, the connection technology, and the principle of operation will be the same.

Water supply system device

To crash into the central water main, you need to get permission from the water utility

The water supply of a private house consists of two parts: external piping from the water intake point to the house, internal piping from the point of entry into the house to consumers. Both parts differ from each other quite strongly due to the distribution scheme of plumbing fixtures.

Outer part

Plumbing on the street is carried out strictly according to the project, which is included in the site development plan. Here they are trying to take into account one important point - from the point of water intake to the house, the highway should be drawn with minimal deviations from a straight line.

More recently, another important point was present - the installation of pipes is carried out at a depth below the level of soil freezing. Now the building materials market offers a huge selection of heaters that are used for thermal insulation of water pipes.

There are two categories of outdoor water supply, which differ from each other in the point of water intake:

  • with connection to a centralized water supply;
  • from a well or well using a pump.

In the first case, it is necessary to obtain a permit from Vodokanal, in which the water supply connection point will be designated. A tie-in will be made to the water pipe. This is an electrically welded squeegee from a steel pipe, to which a plastic pipe will be connected. Not far from the connection point, a well is necessarily built, in which there will be a water meter and shut-off valves. The latter is used in the repair and replacement of a water measuring device.

The outer part of the autonomous water supply system is not only a pipe line, but also a hydraulic structure into which the pump will be lowered. Wells are increasingly used for this, because their depth is greater than that of wells. The lower the aquifer is, the cleaner the water is. The well is drilled with special installations, so the organization of an autonomous water supply system is a costly business. The only plus in terms of cost reduction is the lack of a water meter.

Inner part

Sequential (a) and collector (b) water supply scheme

This part of the plumbing system is more complicated, because pipes are scattered throughout the premises to consumers. The more consumers there are, the more powerful the pump should be, the larger the diameters of the pipes used should be. Therefore, even at the design stage, this factor is taken into account.

Two wiring schemes are used:

  1. Consistent. One pipe is brought into the house, it is carried out through all rooms with consumers connected to it. If the private house is small, this is the best option with minimal installation costs.
  2. Collector. It is used if the house is large, several floors and has a large amount of plumbing. A sequential water supply system does not guarantee the same pressure and performance for all consumers.Therefore, a collector is installed on each floor, from which a separate pipe circuit is laid to each or to a group of consumers. For example, one circuit to the kitchen, another to the bathroom, and so on.

The collector circuit is more expensive than a sequential one and more difficult in terms of pipe laying. Sometimes it is necessary to lay two or three pipes of different diameters in one strobe. Therefore, the grooves must be made wide and deep.

Designing and carrying out the necessary calculations

If the pressure in the central water supply does not meet the requirements of the standards, an additional pump will have to be cut into the inside. This is a small device that operates on 220 volts.

The main thing is to choose the right pumping unit in terms of full supply of consumers with pressure and volume. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a small calculation - to summarize the throughput (performance) of all plumbing fixtures.

In an autonomous system, the characteristics of the main pump are first calculated. Here the calculation principle is the same as in the previous case. But there are several other factors to consider:

  • at what depth is the water intake carried out;
  • a surface, submersible or deep-well pump is used (each has its own water intake methods);
  • removal from home.

When designing for an external site, the main thing is straightness. The interior design depends on the location of the consumers. The wider the range of plumbing fixtures, the more complex the circuit.

When choosing pipes by diameter, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

  • if the length of the section is more than 30 m, it is better to use pipes with a diameter of 32 or 40 mm;
  • if the length of the circuit does not exceed 10 m, the best choice is a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm;
  • connection to some consumers can be carried out with a pipe with a diameter of 15 mm.

Another point that must be taken into account when designing is the introduction of a water supply system into a private house. There are two options: through the foundation and through the wall. Usually, openings are left in one or another structural element of the structure, formed by pipes of a larger diameter laid in them than the water pipe.

Installation steps

Private house water supply scheme

The laying of pipes for external water supply in a private house is carried out in trenches that are dug from the well to the house. The bottom is sprinkled with sand, on which pipe products are laid, protected with insulation. After the trenches are covered with earth.

It is more difficult to carry out an autonomous water supply system in the sense that it is necessary to build a well for it and equip it according to all the canons of the construction business. Usually, for this, a caisson is formed, where shut-off valves and a pump are installed. A pipe is led from it towards the house. The caisson should be closed with an insulated lid.

There is another option: the pumping station is mounted inside the house, and a pipe is drawn from it to the well or well.

The inner part of the water supply system of a private house is not only a distribution of pipes to consumers, but also water treatment, which includes various purification devices: filters, softeners, clarifiers, etc. Their task is to bring the state of water from a hydraulic structure to "drinking".

Be sure to install a hydraulic accumulator in the autonomous water supply system. Its task is to create water pressure when the pump is off. Installation of a hydraulic accumulator, filters and other water treatment elements is carried out in a special room inside the house. This is usually the basement or one of the service rooms on the ground floor. All connections are made by American women - double-sided disconnecting couplings.

There are two ways to install pipes: open and closed. In the first case, pipes are laid along the walls or along the floor, attaching with plastic clamps (clips). In the second, the gasket is made into prepared grooves in the walls, which, after installation, are closed with repair solutions. Often, installation is carried out on the floor under the screed.

How to avoid mistakes when installing plumbing

It is not difficult to make an autonomous water supply if you understand the principle of its operation. But often home craftsmen make mistakes that affect the efficiency of the entire system.

  • Water pipes and sewer pipes must not be led through the foundation into one hole. There must be a horizontal distance of at least 1.5 m between them.
  • Connecting fittings must not be buried or buried in the foundation (wall). It is necessary to make a well for them.
  • At each connection to the plumbing fixtures, a service tap must be installed, with which the water is cut off, if it is necessary to repair or replace the device.

An incorrectly selected pump or pipe diameter is a global mistake on which the efficiency of the water supply system depends. Therefore, it is recommended to calculate the water supply system as a whole. It is better to trust this work to professionals, and not to do everything "by eye".

The cost of water supply to a private house

To drill a well, you need to find out the location of the aquifers

Standalone plumbing will be expensive. Its cost will include prices for a pump, pipes, fittings and other equipment, installation work. You will also have to pay for drilling the well. The deeper it is, the more expensive it is.

It is necessary to obtain a drilling permit and register the well. If you equip a caisson, this is also a cost of money. But all this will be compensated in the future, because there is no need to pay for well water.

The water supply from the main pipe will be cheaper. But bills will come for the consumed liquid. The quality of the water from the mains is higher than from the well. One coarse filter and a flask set under the sink is all that is needed to bring the water to "drinking" water.

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