To feel comfortable in a country house, you need to take care of the availability of water. To do this, people invest in the construction of wells and pumping equipment, which plays an important role in solving the problem of water supply, especially since it is needed not only for residents, but also for a garden, flower beds and pets. One of the options is a surface pump, the principle of which is that only a hose or pipe is lowered into the well. The pump itself remains on the surface.
Scope and device of a surface pump for cottages and gardens
The area of application of surface-type water pumps is wide - watering the garden, delivering water to points of consumption in the house. The equipment is capable of pumping liquid from the basement after the spring thaw of snow, as well as delivering water for irrigation from the nearest reservoir.
Different types of equipment are used for drinking and dirty liquids, therefore, before buying, you need to know exactly what type of water the unit will work with, at what distance the water mirror is in order to choose the right power and type of device. This will determine how many years it will last and how often it will have to be repaired.
The device and working mechanisms of the surface pump:
- The electric motor is the main part of the unit. From what depth and how far the device can transport liquid depends on its performance. The motor is protected from water and debris penetration into the mechanism by a plastic or metal housing.
- Impeller - the number of blades depends on the single-stage or multistage pump.
- Intake and transfer hoses.
A type of surface equipment is a pumping station. Such a unit is not suitable for operation at subzero temperatures, therefore it is installed in a warm room - a basement or a special room, which is far from living quarters. Whichever model is purchased, the sound of the engine running is very loud.
The pumping station consists of the following units:
- engine;
- storage tank or accumulator;
- pressure gauge - a device that controls the pressure in the system;
- a relay that turns on the device if water has left the storage tank and the pressure has dropped.
A medium-power device is able to fully provide a personal plot and a house with water for all needs, so it is worth taking a closer look at this type of surface equipment.
Varieties
For centrifugal or self-priming devices, the impeller is mounted on a shaft with bearings. They are able to work at great depths, are not afraid of dirty water and temperature extremes. Of the minuses - the pump does not start working if you do not first fill its body with water. If air enters, the engine stops. The device does not function well in the presence of voltage surges.
Vortex pumps are able to create a high head thanks to a wheel with blades that spiral the liquid inside the structure. These models are productive, not expensive, but have one significant drawback: if the liquid contains sand, the equipment will not last long.
Criterias of choice
If the pump is selected solely for irrigating the area and delivering water to the house, an average performance model will do. If the plans are to organize autonomous heating in the house and put a washing machine, a higher efficiency is needed. Experts advise buying equipment with a margin so that in the event of power surges or the installation of additional equipment, the device can work.
It is important to consider the distance from the well or borehole to the point of water intake. Each meter of vertical rise of the liquid is conventionally equal to 10 meters of horizontal movement. Each atmosphere gives a head of 10 meters, if 3 atmospheres are set on the pressure gauge, this means that the pump pushes the water 30 m.Thus, if the depth of the well is 6 meters, and the distance to the nearest point is 30 meters, plus losses of about 10 meters, then 6 + 3 + 10 + 30 = 49 m - this should be the height of the water column. Better to take with a little more.
You can choose a surface water pump for a summer residence, which will be used only during the season of growing vegetables, from domestic models. For a private house, where autonomous heating will be carried out and several points of water intake will work at once, it is recommended to buy powerful imported equipment.
Installation steps
In the warm season, the surface pump can be installed under a shed near the well. In winter, such a structure will need to be disassembled and transferred to a warm room. It is desirable that there is ventilation in it, since condensation forms on the case, which over time can cause the formation of rust.
The equipment is placed in pits near the wells, but such a caisson must be bricked and concreted. From above you need to make a clay roof so that precipitation does not flood the pit.
The process of installing a pump or station itself is quite simple:
- Put on hoses and a pipe that will be lowered into the well. A filter is put on the end of the pipe and a check valve is installed.
- The suction end is lowered into a borehole or well.
- The pump body is filled with water, then checked for air locks. When pouring, the equipment is tilted in different directions so that the liquid is evenly distributed and displaced air.
- The unit is connected to the supply pipe and connected to the network.
All joints must be well sealed so that the equipment does not waste energy.
Review of the best models
Among domestic models, pumps of the trade marks "Vikhr", "Dzhileks", "Caliber" have earned the trust of buyers. They are quite suitable for seasonal work at their summer cottage. If you choose a unit with a higher capacity, you can organize the delivery of water to the house.
The rating of the best surface garden pumps is topped by German and Italian manufacturers: Grundfos, Einhel, Quatro Elementi, Pedrollo. Such models can be used not only for watering the site, but also for pumping water into the pool, cleaning basements in case of flooding.
3-4 years ago, the Chinese company Neo Klima appeared on the market, in the assortment of which almost all household appliances, including pumping equipment, appeared. The pumps are not cheap because they are made of high quality materials.
Equipment manufactured in Germany, Italy, Denmark and Belgium receives the most positive reviews. He has a working life of up to 15 years without repair. Sometimes such models do not suit the owners. The reason is that during the purchase, the goals of the pump operation were incorrectly determined, and the power was incorrectly calculated. As a result, the units had to be changed to more efficient ones or to choose a different principle of operation of the device.
Good reviews about surface self-priming pumps for summer cottages have earned Russian-made models that seek to conquer the market, therefore they use the latest technologies and high-quality parts.
