Overview of sorption filters for water purification

Purification of domestic and industrial wastewater, as well as storm water ensures environmental safety. Filtering units remove chemical impurities, organic matter, suspended particles. After treatment, the effluent is harmless to the reservoirs into which it is discharged. The most effective method of getting rid of contaminants is a sorption filter for water purification.

Purpose of sorption filters

Installations for bringing the parameters of waste and surface waters to safe indicators are used when discharged into open water bodies. Sorption filters with the help of granular filling (sorbent) capture:

• mineral sediment;
• dissolved iron;
• heavy metals;
• residues of petroleum products;
• phosphates;
• ammonium nitrogen;
• organic pollution.

Modules with coal backfill are used for high-quality purification of liquids from a central water supply system and a well. They remove impurities by binding them at the molecular level. Disappears unpleasant aftertaste, color, chlorine compounds, organic matter, fine sediment. The liquid gets rid of all visible impurities, as well as nitrates and iron.

Application area

Sorption filters operate independently or in combination with biological filtering devices. They are installed in various enterprises:

• petrochemical;
• pulp and paper;
• textile;
• metallurgical;
• pharmacological and cosmetic;
• communal services.

Installations are widely used in storm sewers. Treated effluents can be used in the technical water supply system. Sorption blocks are effective at a pollution concentration of no more than 100 mg / l.

Types, device and principle of operation

The adsorption process means the absorption of solutes by a layer of a solid. The speed of the procedure depends on the structure of the sorbent, the amount of impurities and temperature. A common type of filter filler is activated carbon. It is obtained from wood, coconut shells, peat. Aluminosilicates are also used as an absorber. The sorbent is effective when it is necessary to absorb heavy metal impurities.

Household filters for water supply are available in several versions:

• stationary;
• attachment on the crane;
• jug cartridge;
• desktop.

Devices differ in performance, degree of cleaning and resource of the cleaning bed.

Blocks for deep wastewater treatment are made of fiberglass cylinders with backfill inside. The following is used as a sorbent:

• activated carbon (stone, wood, coconut);
• zeolite;
• aluminosilicates.

The design includes piping from the supply and discharge pipelines. Installations are classified according to several characteristics:

• filtration direction: direct-flow, offset, counter-flow;
• type of process: continuous or batch;
• hydrodynamics mode: mixing, displacement, mixed;
• state of the sorbent: mobile, motionless;
• phase interaction: continuous or stepwise.

The filter design can be columnar or capacitive.

Principle of operation:

1. Sump cleaning, disposal of sand and oil products.
2. The effluent passes through dense layers of feed, usually activated carbon.
3. The purified water is discharged through the branch pipe.

For the regeneration of the porous backfill, flushing is carried out, its products are discharged into the sewer. The procedure takes 1-2 hours.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of sorption filters is a high degree of removal of impurities from effluents. Among the advantages:

• simplicity of design;
• the possibility of multiple regeneration of the sorbent;
• the possibility of using different filling.

Disadvantages:

• Sorption blocks cannot be installed without pre-cleaning sedimentation tanks (sand traps).
• The equipment is of considerable size.
• Sorbent regeneration and replacement costs.
• Secondary effluents requiring cleaning.

Manufacturers and models of sorption filters

Blocks for wastewater treatment are offered by Russian manufacturers, their products differ in design and performance:

1. Argel S - the equipment operates in a free-flow mode. When the effluent passes through the sorption charge, oil products, heavy metals, dyes, and synthetic surfactants are removed. Models for underground installation are equipped with technical wells.
2. NPO Promyshlennaya Vodoochistka: SPP-FS 1-10 is a vertical unit with a maximum capacity of 10 l / s, SPK-FS is a horizontal model with a capacity of up to 100 l / s. The load changes once every 3-7 years.
3. The Teko-filter company produces sorption filters with carbon backfill FSU. They are a metal cylinder with piping and switchgear. It is used for the treatment of storm water, post-treatment of industrial effluents and drinking water.

The average cost of the FSU sorption unit is 100 thousand rubles, Argel S with loading - from 505 thousand rubles.