The presence of a water well on a personal plot is a vital necessity, if the central water supply is not carried out. Even having a private car, it is inconvenient to regularly bring water in cans and large containers. You can dig a water well yourself, but you need to arm yourself with the knowledge of finding suitable places, the depth of occurrence of high-quality water.
Sanitary requirements for the location of the source
If the area of the personal plot is not more than 4 acres, the minimum distance between the well and the cesspool, the toilet should be 8-10 meters.
According to Russian standards, when searching for an aquifer and digging a well, one should avoid:
- the proximity of motorways and public roads (the distance is at least 30 meters);
- regularly flooded areas;
- wetlands.
If there is clay soil on the site, the distance can be shortened slightly.
At what depth to look for good water
The highest concentration of clay sand is collected at fractures in the clay layer. These are the most suitable places for drilling wells, called "underground lakes".
It is also necessary to choose a suitable site for arranging a well based on the depth of the aquifer. You can find the source even at a depth of 2-2.5 meters above ground level. But the quality of such water leaves much to be desired, it is unsuitable for drinking, since melt and waste water gets into its composition.
To search for high-quality water, it is better to make a well depth of at least 15 m. As a rule, layers of continental rocks lie at this level. Such a liquid is drinkable, since the impressive volumes of sand help to cleanse it.
How to determine a place for a well on a site
In order to find the places of occurrence of aquifers, it is not at all necessary to invite specialists or rent expensive equipment. For centuries, ancestors relied on their experience and the results of observing animals, plants and weather phenomena.
Insect and animal observation
Dogs in extreme heat dig small holes and lie down there. Animals instinctively sense where the coolest places are, therefore, the wettest ones. This pattern is due to the proximity of the location of the aquifers.
With the arrival of the evening, insects huddle in flocks and rush to places with moist soil.
Plant observations
Plants effectively assist in finding a suitable location for a well. The proximity of aquifers can be judged by the following features:
- Thickets of coltsfoot are formed on moist soil, which is constantly fed by groundwater.
- Willow, birch and alder love water and only grow willingly in abundantly humid places.
- Cherries and apple trees, on the other hand, do not tolerate excess moisture well. Their presence and active growth suggests that a source cannot be found nearby. If the trees are withering and sick, the likelihood that an aquifer is located nearby is much higher.
Also, by plants, you can determine the depth of the aquifer. They do it as follows:
- In the place where alfalfa grows, the depth of occurrence can fluctuate within 1.5-15 meters, but, as a rule, it is limited to 2-3.
- Reed-sandstone lives in those places where underground waters are at a depth of 1-3 meters.
- At the place where licorice grows, the depth of the water layer varies within 1.5-10 meters.
- Wormwood from 3 to 7 meters.
These are the simplest methods and are based solely on observation.
Dowsing method with aluminum frames
Before you start looking for a suitable location, you need to properly make two aluminum frames. The technology is as follows:
- The optimum length of an aluminum rod should be 90 cm, and a diameter of at least 3 mm.
- Measure 15 cm from the edges and bent the rod at a right angle (90 degrees).
- The short ends are inserted into the tubes.
- The diameter of the tube should allow the aluminum rod to rotate freely, but it should not bend. It is recommended that the diameter of the wire is less than about 0.5 mm of the tube.
The frames are taken in both hands. At the same time, it is extremely important to tune in to finding a suitable place for the well: to calm down and fully focus your attention on the "behavior" of the devices. Hands should not be tense and, on the contrary, relaxed. A person slowly moves around the personal plot and tests the entire area. Frames become active near areas with an aquifer close to the surface.
Method of using desiccants
To find a suitable drilling site, you need to stock up on a moisture-absorbing substance, for example, silica gel, table salt, lime.
In the oven, a large amount of the active ingredient is thoroughly dried and poured into an unvarnished clay tank, wrapping it with a piece of natural fabric. Prepared work equipment must be weighed on accurate scales.
In order to avoid mistakes during re-weighing, you need to record the result on the "device" itself or separately on a sheet. Then each tank is buried to a depth of about 0.5 m. After a day, they are dug out and re-weighed.
The result of the study is easy to calculate. The more the mass of the desiccant has increased, the more likely it is that water is present at that point.
Application of glass jars
It is necessary to put dry jars without lids upside down on the territory of the personal plot. After a few hours, the containers can be inspected.
If there is a strong moistening of the inner surface of the jar, then there is a high probability that there is water in this place.
