An autonomous water supply device is an individual source and the mandatory installation to it of a surface centrifugal pump for a well, vortex or self-priming. Equipment of this type has optimal performance and is capable of lifting water from a depth of up to 16 m.
Purpose, principle of operation and device
Surface injection equipment is used to lift water from artificial sources, natural reservoirs. Such units are used in everyday life (watering, irrigation, filling storage tanks, swimming pools, car washing, organizing autonomous water supply) or during production processes.
All surface water pumps are divided according to the principle of design and operation. There are these types of units:
- Vortex. The main element is an impeller (impeller) with blades. It is located either radially or obliquely with respect to its axis. The impeller rotates in the working chamber. Water from the well initially gets here. The discharge and suction parts of the chamber are separated by a special bridge. The vortex borehole pump works due to centrifugal force, which first draws in the liquid and then pushes it up. The distance between the impeller blades and the chamber walls is minimal (up to 2 mm). With almost the same dimensions and the number of rotations of the impeller, vortex units create a pressure in the system that is 7 times higher than the indicators during the operation of a centrifugal apparatus.
- Centrifugal (or self-priming). They also have one or more impellers (in the latter case, the apparatus is called multistage). But their blades are not so tightly pressed against the walls of the working chamber. The centrifugal unit is capable of lifting water from a depth of up to 8 meters. If the equipment has a remote ejector, its power is increased up to 16 m. In this case, the performance of the unit will decrease.
Both types of surface pumps work quite noisy.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of surface downhole equipment:
- convenience and relative ease of installation;
- compactness;
- optimal pressure for a summer residence or a small private house for 2-3 people;
- the possibility of self-service and minor repairs;
- more favorable price in comparison with submersible models.
The equipment also has a number of disadvantages. These include:
- the need to protect the body of the unit from moisture;
- small bottom lift depth;
- high noise level (solved with a well-equipped caisson);
- lack of protection against idle running, which means the need for constant monitoring of the source flow rate.
- the ability to work only with clean water without impurities.
Users prefer a surface pump as it is convenient to mount / dismantle for the season. In addition, the unit is easy to visualize.
How to choose a surface pump
When buying surface-type injection equipment, it is important to consider the following points:
- Suction depth. At the same time, it is important to remember the ratio of vertical sections of the pipeline to horizontal ones. It is 1/4. For example, if the lifting depth of the liquid is 3 meters, then the pump must be installed at a distance of 12 m from the source.
- Performance.It is calculated by adding the approximate flow rates for each water intake point per hour. If the pump is needed only for irrigation, an indicator of 1-2 m3 / hour is sufficient.
- Aggression. Here, the distance from the water mirror to the farthest plumbing point in the house should be taken as the optimum required indicator.
Every 10 m of the length of the pipeline, the pressure shown in the passport to the pump is reduced by 1 m.
It is advisable to choose a device taking into account the parameters of the well: static and dynamic levels, casing section, bottom level, source flow rate.
Installation and connection
To properly install a surface pump, you need to prepare the following elements in advance:
- coarse filter;
- check valve;
- water intake hoses of the required diameter;
- fitting for joining the pump with pipes.
If you need to create a full-fledged pumping station, you can additionally buy a storage tank with a volume of 24 liters or more.
When installing the pump, the following points should be taken into account:
- The stability of the water supply process depends on the correct location of the unit. It means its distance from the source.
- It is advisable to equip a special insulated but ventilated caisson under the unit. It will drown out sounds and protect the pump from moisture and condensation.
- The parameters of the caisson must be sufficient so that the master can freely service the equipment.
The installation of the unit is carried out in the following sequence:
- A special platform is prepared for the pump. It is advisable to fill it according to the type of foundation.
- Special fastening pins are mounted in the base, which will subsequently fix the unit from excessive vibration.
- With the help of fittings, the inlet and outlet hoses are connected. At the first, a coarse filter is mounted. On the outlet - a non-return valve. It will prevent water from draining out of the system.
- If the installation of a hydraulic accumulator is provided, it is connected to the outlet hose and then the rest of the pipeline is mounted.
- It remains to lower the intake sleeve into the well to the required depth. The hose is fixed to the casing in the head area so that it does not move in the shaft.
- The system is flooded with water and the equipment is started.
It is strictly forbidden to turn on the surface pump dry.
Operation and maintenance
The surface pump does not require complex maintenance in operation. However, you need to regularly carry out such maintenance activities:
- Regularly inspect all pipes and hoses for complete tightness. It is especially worth paying attention to the integrity of the check valve. If it fails, the pressure in the system will begin to drop.
- It is important to control the level of the water mirror. If the flow rate of the well becomes less, the pump runs the risk of running dry. This will cause it to burn.
- If the unit is operated only seasonally, it is removed for the winter, after draining the water and drying all the elements.
Store the pump in a dry, insulated place.
Cost of surface pumps for a well
Prices for surface water pumps for wells depend on the type and main technical characteristics of the unit. Approximate prices for equipment in the Moscow region:
- vortex - from 3350 rubles;
- centrifugal (with a built-in ejector) - from 4270 rubles;
- self-priming (with a remote ejector) - from 6815 rubles.
A properly selected unit can serve for more than a dozen years, providing high-quality water supply.
