It is impossible to imagine life in a house without water. Some summer residents carry it in buckets from wells, which takes time and effort. In this state of affairs, it is impossible to connect a washing machine, equip a shower or a bathroom. To carry out the water supply to the house, not so much is needed - pipes and a water pump.
Purpose of water pumps for domestic plumbing
If there is already a well or a well on the site, the water in the house is a matter of time. It remains to calculate how many liters per day are needed for a comfortable stay, to decide on the types of pumps that manufacturers offer. This is an important question, because I do not want to overpay, since the prices for pumps for water supply are quite high.
The pumping equipment is intended for pumping water from wells, wells, reservoirs to points of consumption - a house, a vegetable garden. Depending on the depth of the tank, its width, as well as the degree of purity of the liquid, it is necessary to select a pump for water supply to a private house or for other purposes.
Main technical characteristics
Specifications include:
- The type of pump and its design features are jet, self-priming.
- Maximum pressure or head of water column.
- Minimum head.
- Pumped liquid temperature.
- Power.
- IP protection class.
Each device has a technical passport, which indicates which well it is intended for, the well debit, which is determined empirically. The diameter of the pipe also matters - the well equipment is wider, it cannot be lowered into the well 150 mm.
To choose the right unit, you need to collect all the necessary data about the well, the amount of water consumed per day, the distance from the well to the point of water intake.
Types of water pumps
All pumps are divided into three types - submersible, semi-submersible and surface. For surface units, you need to equip a separate room, since their body is exposed to the environment. In winter, you cannot leave them in a cold room, therefore insulation is required. Surface devices make a loud noise during operation; installation is carried out away from living quarters. Among them there are models with various technical characteristics, including pumping stations capable of providing water to a private two-story house. The disadvantage is the shallow depth, below which the station will not raise water, or will operate at maximum power, which reduces its service life. The intake is carried out by means of an immersion pipe with a filter at the end to prevent solid particles from entering the housing. Before starting work, the pipe must be filled with water, because the pump will not turn on.
Submersible pumps are in the greatest demand. Benefits:
- They get water from any depth, including from artesian wells up to 80 meters.
- They do not overheat, as they are constantly in a cold environment. This increases the resource of work.
- Equipment of any diameter can be selected, even for the narrowest well.
- Equipped with a protection system, if suddenly in the summer, the groundwater goes lower. Usually, owners notice problems when the motor does not turn on. Then you have to lower the unit below.
- The housing is made of durable materials that are resistant to corrosion. The parts are tightly connected.
Cons:
- In order to repair the submersible equipment, the entire system must be dismantled.
- Possibility of rope breakage during operation. In this case, the unit sinks.
- Cheap submersible pumps are prone to rust formation.
Semi-submersible models combine the design features of surface and submersible types. The bottom of the device is in the water, the rest is above it.
Criterias of choice
In order to choose the right device for water supply at home, you need to know which types of construction work more stable and longer. There are pumps:
- vibrating;
- centrifugal;
- vortex.
Vibration equipment can be electromagnetic and diaphragm. There are no rubbing parts in the electromagnetic ones, which increases their resource. The principle of operation of a diaphragm pump is in changing the position of the diaphragm inside the housing and the presence of a vibrator, with the help of which the liquid enters the outlet pipe. The models do not differ in high performance, although summer residents buy them well.
Centrifugal mechanisms work more efficiently. A working shaft with blades inside the housing creates a centrifugal force that pushes the water into the pipe. You can buy equipment in various designs - vertical and horizontal, submersible or surface.
Vortex units are capable of creating a head 2 - 4 times more than centrifugal ones. A vacuum is created inside the structure, water enters and is transferred to the branch pipe. The disadvantage is that vortex pumps are used only for purified liquid - fine solids or sand quickly wear out equipment.
To select a pump with the appropriate parameters, the following criteria must be taken into account:
- well indicators - depth, distance to the water surface, filling rate;
- line length - horizontal and vertical to determine the height of the water column;
- electric motor power.
If the voltage in the house often drops, it makes sense to install a stabilizer, otherwise the equipment quickly wears out and breaks down.
It is also important to choose the right additional parts. The dip tube is best made of metal or durable plastic. When suctioned, soft pipes are compressed, not allowing water to pass through. The check valve is purchased separately so that the water does not drain back when the pump stops operating. It is not always included in the kit, but this is an important detail. It is advisable to install a filter if the liquid contains sand and dirt impurities. Such substances will contaminate the pump casing and prevent proper operation.
Installation features
Before installing pumping equipment with your own hands, you must carefully read the instructions and prepare all materials that will be useful in the process in addition.
Depending on the type of pump, there is a certain algorithm for connecting it:
- Construction is underway for a surface pump with insulation and ventilation. This item is required if it is decided to install a pumping station.
- A pipe is laid from the well to the house and insulated.
- The pump parts are being assembled.
- The unit is connected to the pipe. You can try to connect the water pump to the water supply.
Particular attention is paid to the cable on which the submersible equipment will be held. It must be iron or nylon. The second option is better because it does not corrode.
Prices for water pumps are quite varied. The unit of average capacity of domestic production is cheaper. If you plan to operate the device for a long time and constantly, it is better to buy imported equipment. It is desirable that there is a service center in the city for the repair or replacement of parts. If you do the installation yourself, you can save on installation costs.
