Any pressure equipment that is used for domestic and industrial drainage systems, no matter how reliable it is, can suddenly fail. For this reason, it is better to have spare parts on hand, thanks to which you can quickly bring the operating system into working condition.
Types of pumps for drainage
Units of this type are submersible and surface. A feature of the former is that during the technological process it is completely immersed in the pumped out liquid. Contaminated water is sucked in through the drain hole located at the bottom of the housing. A special mesh filter serves to protect the impeller from large solid particles and dirt.
Most often, a submersible drainage device is used when pumping water from basements and basements.
Installation of powerful ground-based devices is carried out on the surface at the edge of the reservoir or drainage pit. The drain hose that sucks in water is lowered inside. The advantages of such a device are mobility. Also, no commissioning is required. The disadvantages are the high price and weight of the installation. In addition, surface pumping equipment is not hermetically sealed, so no water is allowed on it.
Drainage pump device
It is better to find out what is inside the unit immediately after purchase in order to have an idea of possible breakdowns and potential places of clogging. For this purpose, it is not necessary to open the casing or disassemble the pump - it is enough to look at the diagram contained in the installation connection and maintenance manual.
Pumps for private use in summer cottages, as a rule, are not very powerful and with a simple internal structure. Unlike heavy industrial installations, they are small in size, relatively light - up to 7 kg. Parts are made of steel or plastic, although cast iron is still used for the production of some models.
The main components of a standard drain pump:
- A pump that pumps water and an electric motor that rotates a shaft with an impeller. The motor for the drain pump is housed in a sturdy housing made of stainless steel or reinforced polypropylene polymer, and is made like a thermos. Liquid is constantly moving between the outer and inner walls, preventing the device from overheating.
- An impeller for a drainage pump is a screw device that supplies water to the inside of the housing. It is mounted on an axial shaft. When the device is started, the blades set in motion, take the liquid from the outside and push it along the walls to the outlet. The first portion is replaced by the second - and so on until the pump is turned off.
- Float. Serves to adjust the frequency of work and monitors the water level in a tank or a natural reservoir. When it drops sharply, it automatically turns off the device.
- Check valve or non-return valve. This element protects the device from the outflow of the pumped liquid.
Modern models are equipped with thermal protection, which is triggered when the device is overloaded. This function is performed by a thermal relay, which blocks the start of an overheated engine or timely cuts off the supply of electricity.
Breakdown of pressure equipment requiring replacement of spare parts
Both the new device and the pressure apparatus that have been in operation for several years are not insured against failure.A newly purchased unit may break as a result of a defect that was made during production: a defective piston or an incorrectly connected non-return valve.
Often, inept installation becomes the cause of failure:
- the device is lowered to an insufficient depth;
- air has entered the water intake compartment;
- the suction port is located above the water mirror and is not covered with water.
Such shortcomings are quickly corrected by a regular check, but it is better to make sure that they do not arise.
In most cases, problems appear when the equipment is in use. Control parameters have been set by the manufacturer to enable the instrument to operate at optimum performance. They are indicated in the product data sheet. If the device was used incorrectly or not for its intended purpose, it will simply break down from overload.
Most often you have to replace:
- impeller;
- float;
- check valve.
If the motor malfunctions, there is a high probability of wear on the bearings that need to be replaced. The starting capacitor may also burn out or the hose may wear out.
Fittings and couplings often break. For example, plastic adapters - straight and angled - for connecting hoses to the sump pump. Sometimes it is necessary to replace metal connecting elements - fittings.
Spare parts for fecal pumps are similar, but this device is equipped with a grinder that helps break up soft but large formations. At the same time, the drains can pass solid particles, but no more than 12 mm in size.
Criterias of choice
When selecting the impeller, the design of the device and the material of the product itself are taken into account. In its manufacture, technopolymer can be used - wear-resistant, durable, not afraid of corrosion. Parts are also produced from stainless steel. The latter material is stronger, but models using it are more expensive.
The new float must be exactly the same size as the failed part. Thus, the owner of the unit will avoid difficulties when replacing.
When choosing a new hose, it is worth considering the following parameters:
- Rigidity. The hose should not flatten, shrink, become soft when pressure suddenly drops. Corrugated pipes with sealed walls and products with reinforcing inserts retain their shape better.
- Immunity to cold. It is important for year-round use of pumping equipment.
- Wear resistance of the material.
- Product diameter and length.
When purchasing a check valve, you need to choose the part that fits the pumping equipment in size. When choosing straight and angle adapters, fittings, it is necessary to take into account the method of connection with the main parts and the cross-section of the fittings.
Measures to reduce spare parts costs
In order for the device to last longer and not have to spend money on spare parts, it is necessary to follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
Additional engineering solutions to increase the operating period of the device:
- Connecting the unit via differential automatic protection prevents its breakdown due to ripple, voltage surges and short circuits.
- With an increase in the distance between the housing and the impeller, the fluid pressure decreases and the load on the electric motor increases.
- If the location of the body is such that the water intake is at a certain distance from the base of the tank, it will not pick up coarse debris.
Drainage equipment should not be confused with faecal equipment - the former is not equipped with a special grinder and cannot cope with the movement of large inclusions.
Electrical wiring and internal parts must be checked for serviceability at least once a year. For this, the case is disassembled and preventive cleaning is performed, which increases the service life of the parts several times.
